{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T22:08:58Z","timestamp":1783548538663,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TL1 TR002244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TL1 TR002244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005253","name":"Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H325D180099"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H325D180099"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005253","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008152","name":"Autism Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008152","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DC020186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DC020186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system has been used increasingly in research to record and evaluate the everyday speech of autistic children and their families. However, it is unclear how researchers are using LENA and whether the system is well-suited for work with autistic individuals. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the use of LENA in autism research, to highlight the strengths and limitations of the system as identified by researchers, and to provide recommendations for future research and clinical use. Forty-two studies that used LENA with samples of autistic children were identified through a systematic database search. Researchers using LENA in autism did so across a variety of ages, settings, and analytical approaches. Most studies used LENA within recommended guidelines. The most common purpose of using LENA was for exploratory research. Noted strengths of the LENA system included ecological validity, cost-effectiveness, and timely clinical feedback. Limitations included lower rates of speaker identification compared to human coders and limited information regarding speech context and language development. This systematic review provides key insights into the methods surrounding LENA use in autism research and serves to inform researchers and clinicians on best practices for future use with this technology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In research, language ability has historically been measured using structured tasks in laboratory settings. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on the need to instead capture language ability in an individual\u2019s natural setting (i.e. through social interaction or in their home). Considering natural language may be particularly important for the autistic population, as an autistic child\u2019s language ability can be very different depending on the setting. One common tool for capturing natural language is the LENA recording system, which takes audio recordings over long periods of time and provides estimates of children\u2019s and caregivers\u2019 speech. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the use of LENA in autism research, to highlight the strengths and limitations of the system as identified by researchers, and to provide recommendations for future research and clinical use. We identified 42 autism studies that used LENA in a variety of ways and settings. Most studies used LENA within the guidelines put forth by its creators, and it was most commonly used to understand speech or speech development for autistic children. LENA is a useful tool for clinicians and caregivers to gain some insights into child speech, but those considering using it should be aware of concerns about its accuracy and limitations about the information it provides. In this review, we supplement the official LENA guidelines with specific suggestions for use with the autistic population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613241290072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T06:36:31Z","timestamp":1730788591000},"page":"1095-1117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The use of Language ENvironment Analysis in autism research: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2215-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orla C","family":"Putnam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7995-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer E","family":"Markfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2076-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Towner","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob I","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University, USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4769-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Goldblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3-C Institute for Social Development, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maia","family":"Karpinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J","family":"Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan R","family":"Swanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3381-3473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare","family":"Harrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams C. (2002). Practitioner review: The assessment of language pragmatics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(8) 973\u2013987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00226","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (n.d.). Autism (Autism Spectrum Disorder). https:\/\/www.asha.org\/public\/speech\/disorders\/autism\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","volume-title":"Language matters: LENA technology in research and practice","author":"Avenda\u00f1o S. M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Avenda\u00f1o S. M. (2022). Language matters: LENA technology in research and practice. Michigan State University."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361317747576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bang J. Y. Kachergis G. Weisleder A. Marchman V. A. (2022). Evaluating the feasibility of an automated classifier for target-child-directed speech from LENA recordings. PsyArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/5g2jb","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/5g2jb"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barokova M. Tager-Flusberg H. (2020). Commentary: Measuring language change through natural language samples. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 50(7) 2287\u20132306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3628-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3628-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benevides T. W. Shore S. M. Palmer K. Duncan P. Plank A. Andresen M.-L. Caplan R. Cook B. Gassner D. Hector B. L. Morgan L. Nebeker L. Purkis Y. Rankowski B. Wittig K. Coughlin S. S. (2020). Listening to the autistic voice: Mental health priorities to guide research and practice in autism from a stakeholder-driven project. Autism 24(4) 822\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361320908410","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320908410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergelson E. Amatuni A. Dailey S. Koorathota S. Tor S. (2019). Day by day hour by hour: Naturalistic language input to infants. Developmental Science 22(1) e12715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.12715","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Billstedt E. Gillberg C. Gillberg C. (2005). Autism after adolescence: Population-based 13- to 22-year follow-up study of 120 individuals with autism diagnosed in childhood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 35(3) 351\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-005-3302-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-005-3302-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun V. Clarke V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3(2) 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bredin-Oja S. L. Fielding H. Fleming K. K. Warren S. F. (2018). Clinician vs. machine: Estimating vocalizations rates in young children with developmental disorders. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27(3) 1066\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2018_AJSLP-17-0016","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_AJSLP-17-0016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruyneel E. Demurie E. Boterberg S. Warreyn P. Roeyers H. (2021). Validation of the Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) system for Dutch. Journal of Child Language 48(4) 765\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0305000920000525","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000920000525"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess S. Audet L. Harjusola-Webb S. (2013). Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the school and home language environments of preschool-aged children with ASD. Journal of Communication Disorders 46(5\u20136) 428\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.09.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler L. K. Kiran S. Tager-Flusberg H. (2020). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the study of speech and language impairment across the life span: A systematic review. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29(3) 1674\u20131701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_AJSLP-19-00050","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_AJSLP-19-00050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carr J. Xu D. Yoshinaga-Itano C. (2014). Language ENvironment analysis language and autism screen and the child development inventory social subscale as a possible autism screen for children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Seminars in Speech and Language 35(04) 266\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1389099","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389099"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Channell M. M. Loveall S. J. Conners F. A. Harvey D. J. Abbeduto L. (2018). Narrative language sampling in typical development: Implications for clinical trials. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27(1) 123\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-17-0046","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-17-0046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cristia A. Gautheron L. Colleran H. (2023). Vocal input and output among infants in a multilingual context: Evidence from long-form recordings in Vanuatu. Developmental Science 26(4) Article e13375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/desc.13375","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13375"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cristia A. Lavechin M. Scaff C. Soderstrom M. Rowland C. R\u00e4s\u00e4nen O. Bunce J. Bergelson E. (2020). A thorough evaluation of the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system. Behavior Research Methods. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-020-01393-5","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/czbym"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cronbach L. J. Rajaratnam N. Gleser G. C. (1963). Theory of generalizability: A liberalization of reliability theory. British Journal of Statistical Psychology 16(2) 137\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1963.tb00206.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8317.1963.tb00206.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cychosz M. Cristia A. (2021). Using big data from long-form recordings to study development and optimize societal impact. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0065240721000434","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/ybqfw"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-020-01365-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dillon E. F. Kanne S. Landa R. J. Annett R. Bernier R. Bradley C. Carpenter L. Kim S. H. Parish-Morris J. Schultz R. Wodka E. L. The SPARK Consortium & Wodka E. L. (2021). Sex differences in autism: Examining intrinsic and extrinsic factors in children and adolescents enrolled in a national ASD cohort. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-021-05385-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05385-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of Child-Robot interactions on the vocalization production of young children with disabilities","volume":"4","author":"Dunst C. J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dunst C. J., Trivette C. M., Hamby D. W., Prior J., Derryberry G. (2013). Effects of Child-Robot interactions on the vocalization production of young children with disabilities. Social Robots Research Reports, 4, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Social Robots Research Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dykstra J. R. Sabatos-DeVito M. G. Irvin D. W. Boyd B. A. Hume K. A. Odom S. L. (2013). Using the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system in preschool classrooms with children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism 17(5) 582\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361312446206","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361312446206"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eaves L. C. Ho H. H. (2008). Young adult outcome of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 38(4) 739\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0441-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0441-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edmunds S. R. Kover S. T. Stone W. L. (2019). The relation between parent verbal responsiveness and child communication in young children with or at risk for autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism Research 12(5) 715\u2013731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2100","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fasano R. M. Perry L. K. Zhang Y. Vitale L. Wang J. Song C. Messinger D. S. (2021). A granular perspective on inclusion: Objectively measured interactions of preschoolers with and without autism. Autism Research 14(8) 1658\u20131669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2526","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2526"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fenson L. Marchman V. Thal D. Dale P. Reznick S. Bates E. (2007). The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. Brookes Publishing. https:\/\/products.brookespublishing.com\/The-MacArthur-Bates-Communicative-Development-Inventories-Users-Guide-and-Technical-Manual-Second-Edition-P78.aspx","DOI":"10.1037\/t11538-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferguson E. F. Nahmias A. S. Crabbe S. Liu T. Mandell D. S. Parish-Morris J. (2020). Social language opportunities for preschoolers with autism: Insights from audio recordings in urban classrooms. Autism 24(5) 1232\u20131245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361319894835","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319894835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fletcher-Watson S. Apicella F. Auyeung B. Beranova S. Bonnet-Brilhault F. Canal-Bedia R. Charman T. Chericoni N. Concei\u00e7\u00e3o I. C. Davies K. Farroni T. Gomot M. Jones E. Kaale A. Kapica K. Kawa R. Kylli\u00e4inen A. Larsen K. Lefort-Besnard J. Yirmiya N. (2017). Attitudes of the autism community to early autism research. Autism 21(1) 61\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361315626577","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315626577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","volume-title":"Early developmental trajectories of social contingency predict language outcome in toddlers with ASD","author":"Fleurissaint R. M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fleurissaint R. M. (2017). Early developmental trajectories of social contingency predict language outcome in toddlers with ASD. International Society for Autism Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","volume-title":"Language usage and exposure by 5- and 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder and their families living in the imperial valley of California","author":"Fragoso N. C.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fragoso N. C. (2016). Language usage and exposure by 5- and 6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder and their families living in the imperial valley of California. Claremont Graduate University and San Diego State University."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganek H. V. Eriks-Brophy A. (2018). A concise protocol for the validation of Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) conversational turn counts in Vietnamese. Communication Disorders Quarterly 39(2) 371\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1525740117705094","DOI":"10.1177\/1525740117705094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gautheron L. Rochat N. Cristia A. (2023). Managing storing and sharing long-form recordings and their annotations. Language Resources and Evaluation 57(1) 343\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10579-022-09579-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-022-09579-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Georgiou N. Spanoudis G. (2021). Developmental language disorder and autism: Commonalities and differences on language. Brain Sciences 11(5) 589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11050589","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11050589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","volume-title":"Developmental profiling of voice quality in infants at risk of autism","author":"Ghai S.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ghai S. (2013, May 2). Developmental profiling of voice quality in infants at risk of autism. International Society for Autism Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","unstructured":"Gilkerson J. Richards J. (2020). A guide to understanding the design and purpose of the LENA system (Technical Report LTR-12; LENA Technical Report). LENA Foundation. https:\/\/www.lena.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/LTR-12_How_LENA_Works.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilkerson J. Richards J. A. Warren S. F. Montgomery J. K. Greenwood C. R. Kimbrough O. D. Hansen J. H. L. Paul T. D. (2017). Mapping the early language environment using all-day recordings and automated analysis. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26(2) 248\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2016_AJSLP-15-0169","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_AJSLP-15-0169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gotham K. Marvin A. R. Taylor J. L. Warren Z. Anderson C. M. Law P. A. Law J. K. Lipkin P. H. (2015). Characterizing the daily life needs and priorities of adults with autism spectrum disorder from Interactive Autism Network data. Autism 19(7) 794\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361315583818","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315583818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenwood C. R. Schnitz A. G. Irvin D. Tsai S. F. Carta J. J. (2018). Automated language environment analysis: A research synthesis. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27(2) 853\u2013867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-17-0033","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJSLP-17-0033"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harbison A. L. Woynaroski T. G. Tapp J. Wade J. W. Warlaumont A. S. Yoder P. J. (2018). A new measure of child vocal reciprocity in children with autism spectrum disorder: Child vocal reciprocity. Autism Research 11(6) 903\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1942","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","volume-title":"The LENA system in clinical trials: Evidence from pivotal response treatment studies","author":"Hardan A. Y.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hardan A. Y. (2016). The LENA system in clinical trials: Evidence from pivotal response treatment studies. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrop C. Libsack E. Bernier R. Dapretto M. Jack A. McPartland J. C. Van Horn J. D. Webb S. J. Pelphrey K. & the GENDAAR Consortium. (2021). Do biological sex and early developmental milestones predict the age of first concerns and eventual diagnosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder? Autism Research 14(1) 156\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2446","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harv\u00e1nek R. Ku\u010dera M. Du J. Li J. Kantor J. (2022). The effect of musical sensorimotor integrative therapy on the speech of a child with autism. Rehabilitace a Fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed L\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed 29(4) 194\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48095\/ccrhfl2022194","DOI":"10.48095\/ccrhfl2022194"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong Q. N. F\u00e0bregues S. Bartlett G. Boardman F. Cargo M. Dagenais P. Gagnon M.-P. Griffiths F. Nicolau B. O\u2019Cathain A. Rousseau M.-C. Vedel I. Pluye P. (2018). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers. Education for Information 34(4) 285\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/EFI-180221","DOI":"10.3233\/EFI-180221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyman S. L. Levy S. E. Myers S. M. Council on Children with Disabilities Section on Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Kuo D. Z. Apkon S. Davidson L. F. Ellerbeck K. A. Foster J. E. A. Noritz G. H. Leppert M. O. Saunders B. S. Stille C. Yin L. Weitzman C. C. Childers D. O. Levine J. M. Peralta-Carcelen A. M. Poon J. K. Bridgemohan C. (2020). Identification evaluation and management of children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics 145(1) Article e20193447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2019-3447","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-3447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irvin D. W. Hume K. Boyd B. A. McBee M. T. Odom S. L. (2013). Child and classroom characteristics associated with the adult language provided to preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 7(8) 947\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2013.04.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2013.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones R. M. Plesa Skwerer D. Pawar R. Hamo A. Carberry C. Ajodan E. L. Caulley D. Silverman M. R. McAdoo S. Meyer S. Yoder A. Clements M. Lord C. Tager-Flusberg H. (2019). How effective is LENA in detecting speech vocalizations and language produced by children and adolescents with ASD in different contexts? Autism Research 12(4) 628\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2071","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2071"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konno K. Akasaka M. Koshida C. Katayama N. Osada N. Spake R. Amano T. (2020). Ignoring non-English-language studies may bias ecological meta-analyses. Ecology and Evolution 10(13) 6373\u20136384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ece3.6368","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Valle C. Shen L. Shih W. Kasari C. Lord C. Tager-Flusberg H. (2024). Real-time coded measures in natural language samples capture change over time in minimally verbal autistic children. Autism Research 17(6) 1287\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.3142","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levin-Asher B. Segal O. Kishon-Rabin L. (2023). The validity of LENA technology for assessing the linguistic environment and interactions of infants learning Hebrew and Arabic. Behavior Research Methods 55(3) 1480\u20131495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-022-01874-9","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-022-01874-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Little L. M. Rojas J. P. Bard A. Luo Y. Irvin D. Rous B. (2019). Automated measures to understand communication opportunities for young children with autism in the community: A pilot study. OTJR: Occupation Participation and Health 39(2) 124\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1539449219834911","DOI":"10.1177\/1539449219834911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markfeld J. E. Feldman J. I. Bordman S. L. Daly C. Santapuram P. Humphreys K. L. Ke\u00e7eli-Kays\u0131l\u0131 B. Woynaroski T. G. (2023). Associations between caregiver stress and language outcomes in infants with autistic and non-autistic siblings: An exploratory study. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 66(1) 190\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-22-00154","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-22-00154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markfeld J. E. Feldman J. I. Daly C. Santapuram P. Bowman S. M. Dunham-Carr K. Suzman E. Ke\u00e7eli-Kays\u0131l\u0131 B. Woynaroski T. G. (2023). The stability and validity of automated indices of vocal development in infants with autistic and non-autistic siblings. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 66(12) 4934\u20134948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_JSLHR-23-00069","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_JSLHR-23-00069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matheis M. Matson J. L. Burns C. O. Jiang X. Peters W. J. Moore M. de Back K. A. Estabillo J. (2017). Factors related to parental age of first concern in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. Developmental Neurorehabilitation 20(4) 228\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17518423.2016.1211186","DOI":"10.1080\/17518423.2016.1211186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCormick C. E. B. Kavanaugh B. C. Sipsock D. Righi G. Oberman L. M. Moreno De Luca D. Gamsiz Uzun E. D. Best C. R. Jerskey B. A. Quinn J. G. Jewel S. B. Wu P. McLean R. L. Levine T. P. Tokadjian H. Perkins K. A. Clarke E. B. Dunn B. Gerber A. H. Morrow E. M. (2020). Autism heterogeneity in a densely sampled U.S. population: Results from the first 1 000 participants in the RI-CART study. Autism Research 13(3) 474\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2261","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","volume-title":"Child reciprocal vocal contingency measure using automated vocal analysis with children with autism spectrum disorder","author":"McDaniel J.","year":"2017","unstructured":"McDaniel J. (2017). Child reciprocal vocal contingency measure using automated vocal analysis with children with autism spectrum disorder. International Society for Autism Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDaniel J. Yoder P. Crandall M. Millan M. E. Ardel C. M. Gengoux G. W. Hardan A. Y. (2020). Effects of pivotal response treatment on reciprocal vocal contingency in a randomized controlled trial of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism 24(6) 1566\u20131571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361320903138","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320903138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDaniel J. Yoder P. Estes A. Rogers S. J. (2020). Predicting Expressive Language From Early Vocalizations in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Which Vocal Measure Is Best? Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 63(5) 1509\u20131520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-19-00281","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_JSLHR-19-00281"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","volume-title":"Canonical Babbling in 9-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: A naturalistic evaluation of all-day recordings","author":"Meera S. S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meera S. S. (2019). Canonical Babbling in 9-month-old infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: A naturalistic evaluation of all-day recordings. International Society for Autism Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messinger D. Young G. S. Ozonoff S. Dobkins K. Carter A. Zwaigenbaum L. Landa R. J. Charman T. Stone W. L. Constantino J. N. Hutman T. Carver L. J. Bryson S. Iverson J. M. Strauss M. S. Rogers S. J. Sigman M. (2013). Beyond autism: A baby siblings research consortium study of high-risk children at three years of age. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 52(3) 300\u2013308.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.12.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millager R. A. Feldman J. Williams Z. Shibata K. Martinez-Torres K. A. Bryan K. M. Pruett D. G. Mitchell J. T. Markfeld J. Merritt B. Daniels D. E. Jones R. M. Woynaroski T. G. (2024). Diversity of research participant gender race and ethnicity in communication sciences and disorders: A systematic review of ASHA publications in 2020. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 9(3) 836\u2013852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2024_PERSP-23-00204","DOI":"10.1044\/2024_PERSP-23-00204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moffitt J. M. Ahn Y. A. Custode S. Tao Y. Mathew E. Parlade M. Hale M. Durocher J. Alessandri M. Perry L. K. Messinger D. S. (2022). Objective measurement of vocalizations in the assessment of autism spectrum disorder symptoms in preschool age children. Autism Research 15(9) 1665\u20131674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2731","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2731"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","volume-title":"Towards improved clinically useful automated vocal assessments for the prediction of ASD","author":"Oller D. K.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oller D. K. (2015, May 14). Towards improved clinically useful automated vocal assessments for the prediction of ASD. International Society for Autism Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oller D. K. Niyogi P. Gray S. Richards J. A. Gilkerson J. Xu D. Yapanel U. Warren S. F. (2010). Automated vocal analysis of naturalistic recordings from children with autism language delay and typical development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(30) 13354\u201313359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1003882107","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003882107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paez A. (2017). Gray literature: An important resource in systematic reviews. Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine 10(3) 233\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jebm.12266","DOI":"10.1111\/jebm.12266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paruthi S. Brooks L. J. D\u2019Ambrosio C. Hall W. A. Kotagal S. Lloyd R. M. Malow B. A. Maski K. Nichols C. Quan S. F. Rosen C. L. Troester M. M. Wise M. S. (2016). Recommended amount of sleep for pediatric populations: A consensus statement of the American academy of sleep medicine. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine 12(6) 785\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.5866","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawar R. Albin A. Gupta U. Rao H. Carberry C. Hamo A. Jones R. M. Lord C. Clements M. A. (2017). Automatic analysis of LENA recordings for language assessment in children aged five to fourteen years with application to individuals with autism. In 2017 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical & Health Informatics (BHI) (pp. 245\u2013248). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BHI.2017.7897251","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI.2017.7897251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pellicano E. Dinsmore A. Charman T. (2014). What should autism research focus upon? Community views and priorities from the United Kingdom. Autism 18(7) 756\u2013770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361314529627","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361314529627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rankine J. Li E. Lurie S. Rieger H. Fourie E. Siper P. M. Wang A. T. Buxbaum J. D. Kolevzon A. (2017). Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: Validity and suggestions for use in minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 47(6) 1605\u20131617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3082-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3082-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00e4s\u00e4nen O. Seshadri S. Lavechin M. Cristia A. Casillas M. (2021). ALICE: An open-source tool for automatic measurement of phoneme syllable and word counts from child-centered daylong recordings. Behavior Research Methods 53(2) 818\u2013835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-020-01460-x","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-020-01460-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","author":"Richards J. A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Richards J. A., Gilkerson J., Paul T. D., Xu D. (2008). The LENA Automatic Vocalization Assessment (Technical Report LTR-08-1; LENA Technical Report). LENA Foundation.","journal-title":"The LENA Automatic Vocalization Assessment"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","volume-title":"Development and performance of the LENA automated autism screen","author":"Richards J. A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Richards J. A., Xu D., Gilkerson J. (2010). Development and performance of the LENA automated autism screen (Technical Report LTR-10-1; LENA Technical Report). LENA Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","volume-title":"Relations between computerized LENA recordings of conversational turns and lab-based measures of social engagement in children with autism spectrum disorder","author":"Sabatos-DeVito M. G.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sabatos-DeVito M. G. (2016). Relations between computerized LENA recordings of conversational turns and lab-based measures of social engagement in children with autism spectrum disorder. International Society for Autism Research."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","volume-title":"The coding manual for qualitative researchers","author":"Salda\u00f1a J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salda\u00f1a J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (3E [3rd ed.]). SAGE.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandbank M. Bottema-Beutel K. Crowley S. Cassidy M. Dunham K. Feldman J. I. Crank J. Albarran S. A. Raj S. Mahbub P. Woynaroski T. G. (2020). Project AIM: Autism intervention meta-analysis for studies of young children. Psychological Bulletin 146(1) 1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000215","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000215"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seidl A. Cristia A. Soderstrom M. Ko E.-S. Abel E. A. Kellerman A. Schwichtenberg A. J. (2018). Infant\u2013mother acoustic\u2013prosodic alignment and developmental risk. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 61(6) 1369\u20131380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0287","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-S-17-0287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shattuck P. T. Durkin M. Maenner M. Newschaffer C. Mandell D. S. Wiggins L. Lee L.-C. Rice C. Giarelli E. Kirby R. Baio J. Pinto-Martin J. Cuniff C. (2009). Timing of identification among children with an autism spectrum disorder: Findings From a population-based surveillance study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 48(5) 474\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31819b3848","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31819b3848"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer T. D. Tolentino T. J. Foster M. E. (2023). Impact of discourse type and elicitation task on language sampling outcomes. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 32(6) 2827\u20132845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2023_AJSLP-22-00365","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_AJSLP-22-00365"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinbrenner J. R. McIntyre N. Rentschler L. F. Pearson J. N. Luelmo P. Jaramillo M. E. Boyd B. A. Wong C. Nowell S. W. Odom S. L. Hume K. A. (2022). Patterns in reporting and participant inclusion related to race and ethnicity in autism intervention literature: Data from a large-scale systematic review of evidence-based practices. Autism. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613211072593","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211072593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_1","volume-title":"Bridging the research to practice gap in autism spectrum disorder treatment","author":"Stolte M.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stolte M. (2017). Bridging the research to practice gap in autism spectrum disorder treatment. University of Alberta."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sulek R. Smith J. Bent C. A. Hudry K. Trembath D. Vivanti G. Dissanayake C. (2022). The utility of LENA as an indicator of developmental outcomes for young children with autism. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 57(1) 103\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1460-6984.12678","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12678"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swanson M. R. Donovan K. Paterson S. Wolff J. J. Parish-Morris J. Meera S. S. Watson L. R. Estes A. M. Marrus N. Elison J. T. Shen M. D. McNeilly H. B. MacIntyre L. Zwaigenbaum L. St John T. Botteron K. Dager S. Piven J. & for the IBIS Network. (2019). Early language exposure supports later language skills in infants with and without autism. Autism Research 12(12) 1784\u20131795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2163","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2163"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swanson M. R. Shen M. D. Wolff J. J. Boyd B. Clements M. Rehg J. Elison J. T. Paterson S. Parish-Morris J. Chappell J. C. Hazlett H. C. Emerson R. W. Botteron K. Pandey J. Schultz R. T. Dager S. R. Zwaigenbaum L. Estes A. M. Piven J. Gu H. (2018). Naturalistic language recordings reveal \u201chypervocal\u201d infants at high familial risk for autism. Child Development 89(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12777","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tager-Flusberg H. (2006). Defining language phenotypes in autism. Clinical Neuroscience Research 6(3\u20134) 219\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnr.2006.06.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnr.2006.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tager-Flusberg H. Kasari C. (2013). Minimally verbal school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder: The neglected end of the spectrum: Minimally verbal children with ASD. Autism Research 6(6) 468\u2013478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1329","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tager-Flusberg H. Rogers S. Cooper J. Landa R. Lord C. Paul R. Rice M. Stoel-Gammon C. Wetherby A. Yoder P. (2009). Defining spoken language benchmarks and selecting measures of expressive language development for young children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 52(3) 643\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/08-0136)","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2009\/08-0136)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trembath D. Westerveld M. F. Teppala S. Thirumanickam A. Sulek R. Rose V. Tucker M. Paynter J. Hetzroni O. Keen D. Vivanti G. (2019). Profiles of vocalization change in children with autism receiving early intervention. Autism Research 12(5) 830\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2075","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vivanti G. Dissanayake C. Duncan E. Feary J. Capes K. Upson S. Bent C. A. Rogers S. J. Hudry K. Jones C. Bajwa H. Marshall A. Maya J. Pye K. Reynolds J. Rodset D. Toscano G. (2019). Outcomes of children receiving Group-Early Start Denver Model in an inclusive versus autism-specific setting: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Autism 23(5) 1165\u20131175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361318801341","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318801341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y. Hartman M. Aziz N. A. Arora S. Shi L. Tunison E. (2017). A systematic review of the use of LENA technology. American Annals of the Deaf 162(3) 295\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/aad.2017.0028","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.2017.0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y. Williams R. Dilley L. Houston D. M. (2020). A meta-analysis of the predictability of LENATM automated measures for child language development. Developmental Review: DR 57 100921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dr.2020.100921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2020.100921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warlaumont A. S. Richards J. A. Gilkerson J. Oller D. K. (2014). A social feedback loop for speech development and its reduction in autism. Psychological Science 25(7) 1314\u20131324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797614531023","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614531023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren S. F. Gilkerson J. Richards J. A. Oller D. K. Xu D. Yapanel U. Gray S. (2010). What automated vocal analysis reveals about the vocal production and language learning environment of young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 40(5) 555\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-009-0902-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-009-0902-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watson L. R. Crais E. R. (2013). Translating between research and practice in serving infants at risk for ASD. Perspectives on Language Learning and Education 20(1) 4\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/lle20.1.4","DOI":"10.1044\/lle20.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winters K. L. Jasso J. Pustejovsky J. E. Byrd C. T. (2022). Investigating narrative performance in children with developmental language disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 65(10) 3908\u20133929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-22-00017","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-22-00017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wittke K. Mastergeorge A. M. Ozonoff S. Rogers S. J. Naigles L. R. (2017). Grammatical language impairment in autism spectrum disorder: Exploring language phenotypes beyond standardized testing. Frontiers in Psychology 8. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00532","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woynaroski T. Oller D. K. Keceli-Kaysili B. Xu D. Richards J. A. Gilkerson J. Gray S. Yoder P. (2017). The stability and validity of automated vocal analysis in preverbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder: Automated vocal analysis in ASD. Autism Research 10(3) 508\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1667","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu D. Richards J. A. Gilkerson J. (2014). Automated analysis of child phonetic production using naturalistic recordings. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research 57(5) 1638\u20131650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-13-0037","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-S-13-0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_1","volume-title":"Observational measurement of behavior","author":"Yoder P. J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoder P. J., Lloyd B. P., Symons F. J. (2018). Observational measurement of behavior (2nd ed.). Brookes Publishing.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoder P. J. Oller D. K. Richards J. A. Gray S. Gilkerson J. (2013). Stability and validity of an automated measure of vocal development from day-long samples in children with and without autism spectrum disorder: Stability and validity of vocal measure. Autism Research 6(2) 103\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1271","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmerman I. L. Steiner V. G. Pond R. E. (2011). Preschool Language Scales (5th ed.). The Psychological Corporation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t15141-0003994","DOI":"10.1037\/t15141-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuckerman K. Lindly O. J. Chavez A. E. (2017). Timeliness of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and use of services among U.S. elementary school-aged children. Psychiatric Services (Washington D.C.) 68(1) 33\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201500549","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zwaigenbaum L. Bryson S. E. Brian J. Smith I. M. Roberts W. Szatmari P. Roncadin C. Garon N. Vaillancourt T. (2016). Stability of diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder between 18 and 36 months in a high-risk cohort. Autism Research 9(7) 790\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1585","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1585"}],"container-title":["Autism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613241290072","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13623613241290072","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613241290072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:50:16Z","timestamp":1777380616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13623613241290072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13623613241290072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613241290072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-3613","1461-7005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7005","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]}}}