{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:43:47Z","timestamp":1777452227346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Limited research exists on fathers\u2019 experiences of interparental conflict (IPC) in families with autistic children. We aimed to identify: (1) the extent to which these fathers report IPC across 10\u2009years of child development (4\u201314\u2009years) and how this compares to fathers of non-autistic children; (2) distinct trajectories of IPC for fathers of autistic children and (3) factors associated with trajectories of IPC among fathers of autistic children. This is a retrospective study using a national dataset. Participants were 281 fathers of autistic children and 7046 fathers of non-autistic children. Although small effect sizes, fathers of autistic children, on average, reported significantly higher IPC when their child was 4\u20135, 6\u20137, 8\u20139 and 10\u201312\u2009years of age, compared to fathers of non-autistic children. For fathers of autistic children, longitudinal latent class analysis revealed three profiles reflecting \u2018\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">low and stable<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019, \u2018\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">moderate and stable<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019 and \u2018\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">persistently elevated<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019 levels of IPC over time. Regression analysis revealed a range of predictors (e.g. co-parenting support, father age) for fathers of autistic children experiencing \u2018\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">moderate and stable<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019 and \u2018\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">persistently elevated<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019 IPC as compared to fathers who experienced low levels of IPC. There is a significant portion of fathers of autistic children who experience ongoing and heightened IPC, highlighting the need for targeted support.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Not much is known about how fathers experience conflict with their partners (either verbal or physical) while raising an autistic child. This study focused on understanding these experiences over 10\u2009years, following children from the age of 4 to 14\u2009years. The study had two main goals: (1) to track how fathers experience conflict with their partners over this time and identify different patterns to these experiences; and (2) to find psychosocial factors in early childhood that might impact these patterns. The study included 281 fathers of autistic children and 7046 fathers of non-autistic children who took part in \u2018\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Growing Up in Australia: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019. Using a statistical method to group fathers based on the partner conflict they reported over the 10\u2009years, results showed that there were three groups: (1) \u2018\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">low and stable<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019, (2) \u2018\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">moderate and stable<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019 and (3) \u2018\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">persistently elevated<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019 experiences of partner conflict. Additional analysis showed that fathers\u2019 confidence in their parenting, perceived support from their partners and concerns about their child\u2019s language skills were associated with ongoing moderate levels of partner conflict. On the other hand, fathers who were older, had lower perceived support from their partners, partners experiencing psychological distress and higher parent-reported child social functioning were more likely to experience consistently high levels of conflict over time. In our study, we described different levels of conflict with their partners reported by fathers of autistic children. We also identified some of the factors that were associated with different levels of conflict. These might be used to inform interventions to reduce parental conflict in the future.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613251316014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T06:44:11Z","timestamp":1738997051000},"page":"1554-1568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychosocial factors associated with the trajectories of interparental conflict for Australian fathers of autistic children: A longitudinal study across 10 years of child development"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1948-5346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique","family":"Seymour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia"},{"name":"Intergenerational Health, Population Health, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intergenerational Health, Population Health, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Australia"},{"name":"Mental Health Department, Royal Children\u2019s Hospital, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia"},{"name":"Intergenerational Health, Population Health, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bridget","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurodisability and Rehabilitation, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Feinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Pennsylvania State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Hock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Giallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia"},{"name":"Intergenerational Health, Population Health, Murdoch Children\u2019s Research Institute, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1981.tb01390.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aishworiya R. 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