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Recent work has examined whether autistic children align to the same degree as their non-autistic peers, with current findings inconclusive. This study took an in-depth approach to investigating factors contributing to variation in linguistic alignment among autistic individuals. Eighteen school-age and adolescent autistic male participants, 14 males with fragile X syndrome + autism, and their mothers participated in the study. Dyads engaged in an unstructured conversation for ~12 min. Using Bayesian linear mixed-effect models, we assessed the relationships between alignment and within-individual factors of the participants. Lexical and syntactic alignment were uniquely influenced by within-participant factors. Maternal lexical and syntactic alignment were differentially associated with participant cognitive and expressive language abilities, and according to etiology (fragile X syndrome + autism vs idiopathic autism). This study highlights the complexity of alignment in autistic individuals and their mothers. Results suggest that alignment is a dynamic process that is motivated in part by within-individual traits of their children. Consequently, characterizing alignment in autism requires a highly nuanced and thoughtful approach that accounts for the heterogeneity of the population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613251395538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T09:14:21Z","timestamp":1765962861000},"page":"510-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of individual factors on linguistic alignment of autistic boys and their mothers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7874-9925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nell","family":"Maltman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Arizona, USA"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camille J","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah State University, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Jewish Health, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audra","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbeduto L. 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