{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T19:36:55Z","timestamp":1792870615378,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning","award":["GWVI-11.1-34, 2020CXJQ01, and 2018YJRC03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWVI-11.1-34, 2020CXJQ01, and 2018YJRC03"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03at7w331","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020732","name":"Innovative Research Team of High-level Local University in Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SHSMU-ZDCX20211100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SHSMU-ZDCX20211100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Oriental Talents Program"},{"name":"Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05tewj457","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YDZX20253100003001, 23Y21900500, and 23DZ2291100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZX20253100003001, 23Y21900500, and 23DZ2291100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"China Brain Initiative Grant","award":["STI2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0200800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STI2030-Major Projects 2021ZD0200800"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82125032, 82430104, and 82204048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82125032, 82430104, and 82204048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Construction Project of the \u201cDiscipline Peak-Climbing Plan\u201d of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","award":["XKPF2024A50011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XKPF2024A50011"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0220qvk04","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is widely used in autism clinical trials to assess treatment effects on core symptoms. However, its minimal clinically important difference (MCID) remains undefined, limiting meaningful interpretation of treatment efficacy. This study pooled data from four clinical trials (542 observations from 319 autistic children, aged 4\u201310 years) to estimate an anchor-based MCID. Using the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale as an anchor, we employed linear mixed-effects models to estimate MCID, defined as the between-group difference between participants reporting minimal improvement versus no change. We tested interactions among baseline SRS score and clinical characteristics. To complement the anchor-based approach, we also incorporated distribution-based MCID estimates using data from 1,405 autistic children (aged 4\u201310 years) drawn from an autism registry. We found that MCID depended on baseline SRS score, described by the formula MCID\u2009=\u200910.33 \u2212 0.18 \u00d7 (baseline SRS score). This translates to MCIDs of 5.87 and 9.47 for baseline SRS scores of 90 and 110, respectively. No significant interactions were found with sex, age, or co-occurring intellectual disability\/developmental delay. Distribution-based estimates aligned closely with anchor-based findings. These estimates offer a crucial benchmark for interpreting treatment outcomes in autism trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) is widely used to assess core symptoms in autistic individuals; however, its minimal clinically important difference remains undefined, limiting clinicians\u2019 ability to distinguish meaningful changes from random variations. By analyzing data from over 300 autistic children aged 4 to 10 years across multiple clinical trials and over 1,000 from an autism registry, we showed that the threshold for meaningful clinical improvement varies systematically with baseline SRS score. These findings provide critical benchmarks for interpreting treatment outcomes in clinical practice and autism research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613261481552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:48:05Z","timestamp":1788482885000},"page":"2863-2872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minimal Clinically Important Difference on the Social Responsiveness Scale in Autistic Children Aged 4 to 10 Years"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7247-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hangyu","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5362-0559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2221-3221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenzhen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1398-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3832-1511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6348-8785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5864-9425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tai","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2455-4986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aman M. G. Findling R. L. Hardan A. Y. Hendren R. L. Melmed R. D. Kehinde-Nelson O. Hsu H.-A. Trugman J. M. Palmer R. H. Graham S. M. Gage A. T. Perhach J. L. Katz E. (2017). Safety and efficacy of memantine in children with autism: Randomized placebo-controlled study and open-label extension. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 27(5) 403\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/cap.2015.0146","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2015.0146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Bakdash J. Z. Marusich L. R. (2024). Rmcorr: Repeated measures correlation (R Package Version 0.7.0) [Released]. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=rmcorr"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blumberger D. M. Mulsant B. H. Thorpe K. E. McClintock S. M. Konstantinou G. N. Lee H. H. Nestor S. M. Noda Y. Rajji T. K. Trevizol A. P. Vila-Rodriguez F. Daskalakis Z. J. Downar J. (2022). Effectiveness of standard sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation vs bilateral theta burst stimulation in older adults with depression: The FOUR-D Randomized Noninferiority Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 79(11) 1065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2862","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2862"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Button K. S. Kounali D. Thomas L. Wiles N. J. Peters T. J. Welton N. J. Ades A. E. Lewis G. (2015). Minimal clinically important difference on the Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II according to the patient\u2019s perspective. Psychological Medicine 45(15) 3269\u20133279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291715001270","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cen C.-Q. Liang Y.-Y. Chen Q.-R. Chen K.-Y. Deng H.-Z. Chen B.-Y. Zou X.-B. (2017). Investigating the validation of the Chinese Mandarin Version of the Social Responsiveness Scale in a Mainland China child population. BMC Psychiatry 17(1) 51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-1185-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1185-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatham C. H. Taylor K. I. Charman T. Liogier D\u2019ardhuy X. Eule E. Fedele A. Hardan A. Y. Loth E. Murtagh L. del Valle Rubido M. San Jose Caceres A. Sevigny J. Sikich L. Snyder L. Tillmann J. E. Ventola P. E. Walton-Bowen K. L. Wang P. P. Willgoss T. Bolognani F. (2018). Adaptive behavior in autism: Minimal clinically important differences on the Vineland-II. Autism Research 11(2) 270\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1874","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chien Y.-L. Tsai W.-C. Chen W.-H. Yang C.-L. Shur-Fen Gau S. Soong W.-T. Laugeson E. Chiu Y.-N. (2023). Effectiveness durability and clinical correlates of the PEERS social skills intervention in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: The first evidence outside North America. Psychological Medicine 53(3) 966\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291721002385","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721002385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choque Olsson N. Flygare O. Coco C. G\u00f6rling A. R\u00e5de A. Chen Q. Lindstedt K. Berggren S. Serlachius E. Jonsson U. Tammimies K. Kjellin L. B\u00f6lte S. (2017). Social skills training for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 56(7) 585\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.05.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","volume-title":"The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) Manual","author":"Constantino J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Constantino J., Gruber C. P. (2005). The Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) Manual. Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","volume-title":"Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2)","author":"Constantino J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Constantino J., Gruber C. P. (2012). Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2). Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Copay A. G. Subach B. R. Glassman S. D. Polly D. W. Schuler T. C. (2007). Understanding the minimum clinically important difference: A review of concepts and methods. The Spine Journal. Ahead of Print. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.01.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2007.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai Y. Liu Y. Zhang L. Ren T. Wang H. Yu J. Liu X. Chen Z. Deng L. Tao M. Tan H. Huang C.-C. Zhang J. Luo Q. Feng J. Cao M. Li F. (2022). Shanghai autism early development: An integrative Chinese ASD cohort. Neuroscience Bulletin 38(12) 1603\u20131607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-022-00904-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-022-00904-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai Y. Zhang L. Yu J. Zhou X. He H. Ji Y. Wang K. Du X. Liu X. Tang Y. Deng S. Langley C. Li W.-G. Zhang J. Feng J. Sahakian B. J. Luo Q. Li F. (2021). Improved symptoms following bumetanide treatment in children aged 3\u22126 years with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Science Bulletin 66(15) 1591\u20131598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scib.2021.01.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2021.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniels N. Moerkerke M. Steyaert J. Bamps A. Debbaut E. Prinsen J. Tang T. Van der Donck S. Boets B. Alaerts K. (2023). Effects of multiple-dose intranasal oxytocin administration on social responsiveness in children with autism: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Molecular Autism 14(1) 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-023-00546-5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-023-00546-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayers P. M. Hays R. D. (2014). Don\u2019t middle your MIDs: Regression to the mean shrinks estimates of minimally important differences. Quality of Life Research 23(1) 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-013-0443-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0443-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuentes J. Parellada M. Georgoula C. Oliveira G. Marret S. Crutel V. Albarran C. Lambert E. P\u00e9n\u00e9laud P.-F. Ravel D. Ari Y. B. (2023). Bumetanide oral solution for the treatment of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Results from two randomized phase III studies. Autism Research 16(10) 2021\u20132034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.3005","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.3005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","volume-title":"The mental growth of the pre-school child: A psychological outline of normal development from birth to the sixth year, including a system of developmental diagnosis","author":"Gesell A.","year":"1925","unstructured":"Gesell A. (1925). The mental growth of the pre-school child: A psychological outline of normal development from birth to the sixth year, including a system of developmental diagnosis. Macmillan."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guastella A. J. Boulton K. A. Whitehouse J. O. Song Y. J. Thapa R. Gregory S. G. Pokorski I. Granich J. DeMayo M. M. Ambarchi Z. Wray J. Thomas E. E. Hickie I. B. (2023). The effect of oxytocin nasal spray on social interaction in young children with autism: A randomized clinical trial. Molecular Psychiatry 28(2) 834\u2013842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-022-01845-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01845-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","volume-title":"ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology","author":"Guy W.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Guy W. (1976). ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology. US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hardan A. Y. Hendren R. L Aman M. G. Robb A. Melmed R. D. Andersen K. A. Luchini R. Rahman R. Ali S. Daniel Jia X. Mallick M. Lateiner J. E. Palmer R. H. Graham S. M. (2019). Efficacy and safety of memantine in children with autism spectrum disorder: Results from three phase 2 multicenter studies. Autism 23(8) 2096\u20132111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361318824103","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318824103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewitt J. K. Eaves L. J. Neale M. C. Meyer J. M. (1988). Resolving causes of developmental continuity or\u202f\u201ctracking.\u201d I. Longitudinal twin studies during growth. Behavior Genetics 18(2) 133\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01067836","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01067836"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husted J. A. Cook R. J. Farewell V. T. Gladman D. D. (2000). Methods for assessing responsiveness: A critical review and recommendations. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 53 459\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00206-1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00206-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lemonnier E. Villeneuve N. Sonie S. Serret S. Rosier A. Roue M. Brosset P. Viellard M. Bernoux D. Rondeau S. Thummler S. Ravel D. Ben-Ari Y. (2017). Effects of bumetanide on neurobehavioral function in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Translational Psychiatry 7(3) e1056\u2013e1056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2017.10","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","volume-title":"Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)","author":"Lord C.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lord C., Rutter M., DiLavore P., Risi S. (1999). Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McVey A. J. Dolan B. K. Willar K. S. Pleiss S. Karst J. S. Casnar C. L. Caiozzo C. Vogt E. M. Gordon N. S. Van Hecke A. V. (2016). A replication and extension of the PEERS\u00ae for young adults social skills intervention: Examining effects on social skills and social anxiety in young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 46(12) 3739\u20133754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-016-2911-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2911-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Provenzani U. Fusar-Poli L. Brondino N. Damiani S. Vercesi M. Meyer N. Rocchetti M. Politi P. (2020). What are we targeting when we treat autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review of 406 clinical trials. Autism 24(2) 274\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361319854641","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319854641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos M. R. F. Goerigk S. Da Silva V. A. Cavendish B. A. Pinto B. S. Papa C. H. G. Vitor Resende J. Klein I. Munhoz Carneiro A. Pereira de Sousa J. Summer Moreira Vidal K. da Costa Lane Valiengo L. Razza L. B. Apar\u00edcio L. M. Martins L. Borrione L. Batista M. Kouvalesk Moran N. dos Santos L. A. .\u2004.\u2004.Brunoni A. R. (2025). Accelerated theta-burst stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 82(5) 442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0013","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2025.0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revicki D. Hays R. D. Cella D. Sloan J. (2008). Recommended methods for determining responsiveness and minimally important differences for patient-reported outcomes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 61(2) 102\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.03.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","volume-title":"The Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2013Revised (ADI-R)","author":"Rutter M.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rutter M., Le Couteur A., Lord C. (2003). The Autism Diagnostic Interview\u2013Revised (ADI-R). Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandbank M. Bottema-Beutel K. LaPoint S. C. Feldman J. I. Jonah Barrett D. Caldwell N. Dunham K. Crank J. Albarran S. Woynaroski T. (2023). Autism intervention meta-analysis of early childhood studies (Project AIM): Updated systematic review and secondary analysis. BMJ 14 e076733. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2023-076733","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076733"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santomauro D. F. Erskine H. E. Mantilla Herrera A. M. Miller P. A. Shadid J. Hagins H. Yeboah Addo I. Sakilah Adnani Q. E. Opoku Ahinkorah B. Ahmed A. Naji Alhalaiqa F. Usman Ali M. Al-Marwani S. Almazan J. U. Almustanyir S. Alvi F. J. Abdel Dayem Amer Y. S. Ameyaw E. K. Amiri S. .\u2004.\u2004.Ferrari A. J. (2025). The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2021. The Lancet Psychiatry 12(2) 111\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00363-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00363-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siafis S. \u00c7\u0131ray O. Schneider-Thoma J. Bighelli I. Krause M. Rodolico A. Ceraso A. Deste G. Huhn M. Fraguas D. Mavridis D. Charman T. Murphy D. G. Parellada M. Arango C. Leucht S. (2020). Placebo response in pharmacological and dietary supplement trials of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Molecular Autism 11(1) 66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-020-00372-z","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-020-00372-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sprengers J. J. Van Andel D. M. Zuithoff P. A. Keijzer-Veen M. G. Schulp A. J. A. Scheepers F. E. Lilien M. R. Oranje B. Bruining H. (2021). Bumetanide for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (BAMBI): A single center double-blinded participant-randomized placebo-controlled phase-2 superiority trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 60(7) 865\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.07.888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2020.07.888"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan H. Ren T. Cao A. Fang S. Deng L. Hu B. Wang M. Cheng Y. Zhang X. Li Y. Zhang Y. Zhang L. Chen L. Zhou W. Zhang Q. Li J. Zhou X. Langley C. Luo Q. .\u2004.\u2004.Li F. (2026). Accelerated continuous theta burst stimulation targeting left primary motor cortex for children with autism spectrum disorder: Multicentre randomised sham controlled trial. BMJ 393 e086295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2025-086295","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2025-086295"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan H. Xu M. Ren T. Deng L. Zhang L. Wang S. Cao M. Yuan T.-F. Li F. (2025). Evaluating the feasibility safety and efficacy of accelerated continuous theta-burst stimulation targeting the left primary motor cortex to improve social communication impairment in children with autism. General Psychiatry 38(2) e102012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gpsych-2024-102012","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2024-102012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terluin B. Eekhout I. Terwee C. B. De Vet C. W. (2015). Minimal important change (MIC) based on a predictive modeling approach was more precise than MIC based on ROC analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 68(12) 1388\u20131396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.03.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vernon T. W. Miller A. R. Ko J. A. Barrett A. C. McGarry E. S. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of the Social Tools And Rules for Teens (START) program: An immersive socialization intervention for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 48(3) 892\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3380-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3380-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2014Revised","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wechsler D. (1974). Manual for the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2014Revised. The Psychological Corporation."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","volume-title":"Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence","author":"Wechsler D.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wechsler D. (2012). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (4th ed.). Pearson.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L. Huang C.-C. Dai Y. Luo Q. Ji Y. Wang K. Deng S. Yu J. Xu M. Du X. Tang Y. Shen C. Feng J. Sahakian B. J. Lin C.-P. Li F. (2020). Symptom improvement in children with autism spectrum disorder following bumetanide administration is associated with decreased GABA\/glutamate ratios. Translational Psychiatry 10(1) 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-020-0692-2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0692-2"}],"container-title":["Autism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613261481552","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13623613261481552","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613261481552","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T18:58:12Z","timestamp":1792868292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13623613261481552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13623613261481552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613261481552","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-3613","1461-7005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7005","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]}}}