{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:49:19Z","timestamp":1791557359375,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Autism"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autistic individuals are overrepresented in homeless populations, yet mechanisms driving this association remain unclear, particularly in the context of diagnostic access and structural inequities. We surveyed 333 adults in Australia, assessing autistic traits (Autism-Spectrum Quotient [AQ]-50), homelessness risk factors, adaptive functioning and social support. Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression models were used to estimate associations. Associations between autistic traits and homelessness probability differed according to diagnostic status. Among participants without a formal diagnosis, higher AQ-50 scores were associated with greater estimated homelessness probability, although uncertainty remained; this association was attenuated among formally diagnosed participants. Structural risk factors were credibly associated with higher homelessness probability, whereas mental health-related risk factors showed a positive posterior estimate with greater uncertainty. Interaction effects involving socioeconomic status and social support suggested that associations between autistic traits and homelessness varied according to broader social context. Bayesian mediation analyses explored adaptive functioning as a potential pathway linking autistic traits and homelessness; however, evidence for an indirect effect remained uncertain. Findings highlight the importance of diagnostic accessibility, social support and structural accommodation for individuals experiencing elevated autistic traits and housing instability. Improving access to diagnosis, autism-informed services and structural supports may represent promising targets for future interventions aimed at reducing housing instability, pending longitudinal evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Lay Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autistic people are more likely to experience homelessness than the general population, but the reasons for this are not fully understood. Many adults with autistic traits may never receive a formal diagnosis, which can limit their access to support and services. This study examined how autistic traits, everyday functioning skills and social support relate to the risk of homelessness. We surveyed 333 adults in Australia about autistic traits, factors associated with homelessness, daily living skills and social support. Statistical analyses were used to estimate how these factors were associated with the probability of homelessness. Adults reporting higher autistic traits without a formal autism diagnosis showed a higher estimated probability of homelessness within this sample. Associations between autistic traits and homelessness differed according to diagnostic status, and stronger social support was associated with lower estimated homelessness probability. These results suggest that earlier identification of autism and improved access to support services may be associated with improved housing stability and service accessibility for autistic adults. Strengthening social support networks may also be important. These findings may help inform screening practices within homelessness services and policies that improve access to autism assessment and support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613261486061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:33:23Z","timestamp":1791002003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autism and Homelessness: Risk and Protective Factors in a Bayesian Analysis of Autistic Characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5053-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Jane","family":"Osborn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6124-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robyn Louise","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7766-533X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belinda","family":"Fuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2016","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Census of population and housing: Estimating homelessness, 2016 (Report No. 2049.0).","journal-title":"Census of population and housing: Estimating homelessness, 2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Backer T. E. Howard E. A. (2007). Cognitive impairments and the prevention of homelessness: Research and practice review. The Journal of Primary Prevention 28(3\u20134) 375\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-007-0100-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-007-0100-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen S. Ashwin E. Ashwin C. Tavassoli T. Chakrabarti B. (2009). Talent in autism: Hyper-systemizing hyper-attention to detail and sensory hypersensitivity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364(1522) 1377\u20131383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2008.0337","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0337"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen S. Wheelwright S. Skinner R. Martin J. Clubley E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism males and females scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 31(1) 5\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1005653411471","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett S. L. Uljarevi\u0107 M. Baker E. K. Richdale A. L. Jones C. R. Leekam S. R. (2015). The Adult Repetitive Behaviours Questionnaire\u20132 (RBQ-2A): A self-report measure of restricted and repetitive behaviours. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 45(11) 3680\u20133692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2514-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2514-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boulet J. Boss M. W. (1991). Reliability and validity of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Psychological Assessment 3(3) 433\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.3.3.433","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.3.3.433"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burke M. Arnold C. Owen A. (2018). Identifying the correlates and barriers of future planning among parents of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 56(2) 90-100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1352\/1934-9556-56.2.90","DOI":"10.1352\/1934-9556-56.2.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00fcrkner P.-C. (2017a). Advanced Bayesian multilevel modeling with the R package brms. The R Journal 10(1) 395\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32614\/RJ-2018-017","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2018-017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00fcrkner P.-C. (2017b). brms: An R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan. Journal of Statistical Software 80(1) 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v080.i01","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","volume-title":"Piecing together a solution: Homelessness amongst people with autism in Wales","author":"Campbell J.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Campbell J. (2015). Piecing together a solution: Homelessness amongst people with autism in Wales. Shelter."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","unstructured":"Casey B. Sweeney M. R. Soilson A. Churchard A. (2020). Adult autism in homelessness: Prevalence experiences and support needs in an Irish context \u2013 A mixed methods study. National Disability Authority. https:\/\/nda.ie\/publications\/adult-autism-in-homelessness-prevalence-experiences-and-support-needs-in-an-irish-context-a-mixed-methods-study"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christian J. Abrams D. Clapham D. Nayyar D. Cotler J. (2016). Intentions to move from homelessness to social inclusion: The role of participation beliefs attitudes and prior behaviour. Social Inclusion 4(4) 16\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17645\/si.v4i4.643","DOI":"10.17645\/si.v4i4.643"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Churchard A. Ryder M. Greenhill A. Mandy W. (2019). The prevalence of autistic characteristics in a homeless population. Autism 23(3) 665\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361318768484","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318768484"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark C. Prior M. Kinsella G. (2002). The relationship between executive function abilities adaptive behaviour and academic achievement in children with externalizing behaviour problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43(6) 785\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00084","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00084"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crespi B. Leach E. Dinsdale N. Mokkonen M. Hurd P. (2016). Imagination in human social cognition autism and psychotic-affective conditions. Cognition 150 181\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.02.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson J. (2007). \u2018In a world of her own . . . \u2019: Re-presenting alienation and emotion in the lives and writings of women with autism. Gender Place and Culture 14(6) 659\u2013677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09663690701659135","DOI":"10.1080\/09663690701659135"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fusar-Poli L. Brondino N. Politi P. Aguglia E. (2020). Missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses of adults with autism spectrum disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 272(2) 187\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-020-01189-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01189-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gelman A. Simpson D. Betancourt M. (2017). The prior can often only be understood in the context of the likelihood. Entropy 19(10) 555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e19100555","DOI":"10.3390\/e19100555"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","volume-title":"Behavior rating inventory of executive function","author":"Gioia G. A.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gioia G. A., Isquith P. K., Guy S. C., Kenworthy L. (2000). Behavior rating inventory of executive function. Psychological Assessment Resources."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","unstructured":"Grant P. (2017). Investigating the factors that contribute to unstable living accommodation in adults with a diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorder [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. University of East London."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","unstructured":"Harding B. (2014). An exploratory study of the relationship between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and youth homelessness (ED553667) [Bachelor\u2019s thesis]. ERIC. https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED553667"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","volume-title":"Adaptive Behavior Assessment System","author":"Harrison P.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harrison P., Oakland T. (2015). Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (3rd ed.). Harcourt Assessment.","edition":"3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heerde J. A. Bailey J. A. Toumbourou J. W. Rowland B. Catalano R. F. (2020). Longitudinal associations between early-mid adolescent risk and protective factors and young adult homelessness in Australia and the United States. Prevention Science 21(4) 557\u2013567. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-020-01092-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-020-01092-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Health and lifestyle issues as risk factors for homelessness","volume":"10","author":"Heffron W. A.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Heffron W. A., Skipper B. J., Lambert L. (1997). Health and lifestyle issues as risk factors for homelessness. The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 10(1), 6\u201312.","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huntington N. Buckner J. C. Bassuk E. L. (2008). Adaptation in homeless children: An empirical examination using cluster analysis. American Behavioral Scientist 51(6) 737\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002764207311985","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764207311985"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ji E.-G. (2006). A study of the structural risk factors of homelessness in 52 metropolitan areas in the United States. International Social Work 49(1) 107\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0020872806059407","DOI":"10.1177\/0020872806059407"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kargas N. Harley K. M. Roberts A. Sharman S. (2019). Prevalence of clinical autistic characteristics within a homeless population: Barriers to accessing homeless services. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness 28(2) 90\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10530789.2019.1607139","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2019.1607139"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","unstructured":"Kay M. (2021). tidybayes: Tidy data and geoms for Bayesian models (Version 3.0.2) [R package]. https:\/\/mjskay.github.io\/tidybayes\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","unstructured":"Kim S. Johnson T. P. Goswami S. Puisis M. (2011). Risk factors for homelessness and sex trade among incarcerated women: A structural equation model. Journal of International Women\u2019s Studies 12(1) 128\u2013148. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3233202\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","unstructured":"Kocsis J. G. (2004). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and homelessness: Is there a connection? (Publication No. 3136685) [Doctoral dissertation Union Institute and University]. ProQuest."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koegel P. Melamid E. Burnam M. A. (1995). Childhood risk factors for homelessness among homeless adults. American Journal of Public Health 85(12) 1642\u20131649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.85.12.1642","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.12.1642"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-022-00817-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matthews N. L. Smith C. J. Pollard E. Ober-Reynolds S. Kirwan J. Malligo A. (2015). Adaptive functioning in autism spectrum disorder during the transition to adulthood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 45(8) 2349\u20132360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2400-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2400-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McElreath R. (2020). Statistical rethinking: A Bayesian course with examples in R and Stan (2nd ed.). Chapman & Hall\/CRC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9780429029608","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429029608"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morton L. G. Cunningham-Williams R. M. (2009). The capacity to give informed consent in a homeless population with developmental disabilities. Community Mental Health Journal 45(5) 341\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-009-9184-9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-009-9184-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morton L. G. Cunningham-Williams R. M. Gardiner G. (2010). Volunteerism among homeless persons with developmental disabilities. Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation 9(1) 12\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15367100903526070","DOI":"10.1080\/15367100903526070"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishio A. Yamamoto M. Horita R. Sado T. Ueki H. Watanabe T. Uehara R. Shioiri T. (2015). Prevalence of mental illness cognitive disability and their overlap among the homeless in Nagoya Japan. PLOS ONE 10(9) Article e0138052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138052","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138052"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orwin R. G. Scott C. K. Arieira C. R. (2003). Transitions through homelessness and factors that predict them: Residential outcomes in the Chicago Target Cities treatment sample. Evaluation and Program Planning 26(4) 379\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0149-7189(03)00054-5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7189(03)00054-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osborn E. J. Young R. L. (2022). Autistic and without a home: A systematic review of the prevalence and experiences of homelessness amongst individuals on the autism spectrum. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10530789.2022.2086669","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2022.2086669"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osborn E. J. Young R. L. (2026). Why am I homeless? The contribution of autistic characteristics system-related and environmental factors to the risk of homelessness. Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10530789.2026.2662020","DOI":"10.1080\/10530789.2026.2662020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmen A. Didden R. Lang R. (2012). A systematic review of behavioral intervention research on adaptive skill building in high-functioning young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 6(2) 602\u2013617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.10.001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","volume-title":"Homeless health needs audit","author":"Pearson V.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pearson V. (2016). Homeless health needs audit. Homeless Link."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pisula E. Danielewicz D. Kawa R. Pisula W. (2015). Autism Spectrum Quotient coping with stress and quality of life in a non-clinical sample \u2013 An exploratory report. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 13(1) 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-015-0370-x","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0370-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pugliese C. E. Anthony L. G. Strang J. F. Dudley K. Wallace G. L. Naiman D. Q. Kenworthy L. (2016). Longitudinal examination of adaptive behavior in autism spectrum disorders: Influence of executive function. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 46(2) 467\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2584","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2584-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The emerging public health crisis of homeless autistic adults","volume":"1","author":"Popejoy M. W.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Popejoy M. W. (2017). The emerging public health crisis of homeless autistic adults. SF Journal of Autism, 1, 1.","journal-title":"SF Journal of Autism"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","unstructured":"Ryder M. (2017). The characteristics of homeless adults with autistic characteristics [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. University College London."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahid A. Wilkinson K. Marcu S. Shapiro C. M. (2012). Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). In Shahid A. Wilkinson K. Marcu S. Shapiro C. M. (Eds.) STOP THAT and one hundred other sleep scales (pp. 161\u2013162). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-9893-4_33","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9893-4_33"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shelton K. H. Taylor P. J. Bonner A. Van Den Bree M. (2009). Risk factors for homelessness: Evidence from a population-based study. Psychiatric Services 60(4) 465\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ps.2009.60.4.465","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.4.465"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","unstructured":"Shepherd E. A. (2021). Homelessness and ADHD: A hidden factor? [Doctoral dissertation]. Antioch University. https:\/\/aura.antioch.edu\/etds\/755"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","unstructured":"Stan Development Team. (2022). RStan: The R interface to Stan (R package version 2.21.5). https:\/\/mc-stan.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone B. (2019). \u2018The domino effect\u2019: Pathways in and out of homelessness for autistic adults. Disability & Society 34(1) 169\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09687599.2018.1536842","DOI":"10.1080\/09687599.2018.1536842"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone B. (2022). Homelessness as a product of social exclusion: Reinterpreting autistic adults\u2019 narratives through the lens of critical disability studies. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research 24(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16993\/sjdr.881","DOI":"10.16993\/sjdr.881"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone B. Cameron A. Dowling S. (2022). The autistic experience of homelessness: Implications from a narrative enquiry. Autism 27(2) 610\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613221105091","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613221105091"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stone B. Dowling S. Cameron A. (2019). Cognitive impairment and homelessness: A scoping review. Health & Social Care in the Community 27(4) e125\u2013e142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12682","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12682"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tillmann J. San Jos\u00e9 C\u00e1ceres A. Chatham C. H. Crawley D. Holt R. Oakley B. Banaschewski T. Baron-Cohen S. B\u00f6lte S. Buitelaar J. K. (2019). Investigating the factors underlying adaptive functioning in autism in the EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project. Autism Research 12(4) 645\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2081","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2081"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolin D. F. Gilliam C. Wootton B. M. Bowe W. Bragdon L. B. Davis E. Hannan S. E. Steinman S. A. Worden B. Hallion L. S. (2018). Psychometric properties of a structured diagnostic interview for DSM-5 anxiety mood and obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Assessment 25(1) 3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191116638410","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116638410"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_1","unstructured":"Vana G. (2020). From \u2018on the spectrum\u2019 to \u2018on the street\u2019: Teenagers with developmental disabilities who become homeless after turning 18. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https:\/\/www.aacap.org\/App_Themes\/AACAP\/docs\/clinical_practice_center\/systems_of_care\/2017_posters\/gvana.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallace G. Yerys B. Peng C. Dlugi E. Anthony L. Kenworthy L. (2016). Assessment and treatment of executive function impairments in autism spectrum disorder: An update. In Hodapp R. M. Fidler D. J. (Eds.) International review of research in developmental disabilities (Vol. 51 pp. 85\u2013122). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.irrdd.2016.07.004","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irrdd.2016.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wenzel S. Holloway I. Golinelli D. Ewing B. Bowman R. Tucker J. (2012). Social networks of homeless youth in emerging adulthood. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 41(5) 561\u2013571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-011-9709-8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-011-9709-8"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_5_64_1.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham H. Averick M. Bryan J. Chang W. McGowan L. D. Fran\u00e7ois R. Grolemund G. Hayes A. Henry L. Hester J. Kuhn M. Pedersen T. L. Miller E. Bache S. M. M\u00fcller K. Ooms J. Robinson D. Seidel D. P. Spinu V. \u2026Yutani H. (2019). Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software 4","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_5_64_1.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(43) Article 1686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.01686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_1","unstructured":"Wilke C. (2020). cowplot: Streamlined plot theme and plot annotations for ggplot2 (Version 1.0.0) [R package]. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=cowplot"}],"container-title":["Autism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613261486061","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13623613261486061","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13623613261486061","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T13:52:06Z","timestamp":1791553926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13623613261486061"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13623613261486061"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613261486061","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-3613","1461-7005"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-3613","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7005","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"article-number":"13623613261486061"}}