{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:15:13Z","timestamp":1780733713882,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health (London)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This qualitative study reflects an analysis of 50 stories told by Americans living with fibromyalgia, a chronic condition marked by widespread physical pain. Stories were randomly collected from The Experience Project, an online public forum, and analyzed using the communication theory of identity as a guiding framework. Thematic analysis was used to examine how the legitimacy narratives of people with fibromyalgia respond to the American discourse of hard work. Three narrative themes emerged from the data: The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Personal Experience of Living With Fibromyalgia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (personal layer of identity), the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Struggle to Complete Everyday and Professional Tasks<\/jats:italic>\n                    (enacted layer of identity), and a\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Limited Ability to Perform Gender Roles<\/jats:italic>\n                    (relational layer of identity). Throughout their stories, individuals with FM strive to legitimate their condition and contest the notion that they are lazy. Stories reveal that people suffering from fibromyalgia experience significant personal (e.g. cleaning the house) and professional (e.g. extended sick leave) challenges, as well as serious relational challenges that are often tied to gender roles (e.g. being a good mother). Results provide a variety of implications and directions for future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363459319857457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]],"date-time":"2019-06-20T04:48:07Z","timestamp":1561006087000},"page":"121-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["\u201cEveryone thinks I am just lazy\u201d: Legitimacy narratives of Americans suffering from fibromyalgia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0950-4083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina G","family":"Paxman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Minot State University, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.660601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) Information and technical assistance. Available at: https:\/\/www.ada.gov\/ada_intro.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055102917724336."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"378","article-title":"Troubled, troublesome, troubling mothers: The dilemma of difference in women\u2019s personal motherhood narratives","volume":"18","author":"Austin H","year":"2008","unstructured":"Austin H, Carpenter L (2008) Troubled, troublesome, troubling mothers: The dilemma of difference in women\u2019s personal motherhood narratives. Narrative Inquiry 18: 378\u2013392.","journal-title":"Narrative Inquiry"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/j.ctt22727z1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","volume-title":"The Fibromyalgia Story: Medical Authority and Women\u2019s Worlds of Pain","author":"Barker KK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barker KK (2005) The Fibromyalgia Story: Medical Authority and Women\u2019s Worlds of Pain. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452230344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/426130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10502551003597824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.1.64"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","volume-title":"Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development","author":"Boyatzis RE","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boyatzis RE (1998) Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","volume-title":"Social Research Methods","author":"Bryman A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bryman A (2011) Social Research Methods. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","volume-title":"Social Selves: Theories of the Social Formation of Personality","author":"Burkitt I","year":"1991","unstructured":"Burkitt I (1991) Social Selves: Theories of the Social Formation of Personality. London: SAGE."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637751.2014.955808"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(45)91272-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","volume-title":"Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory","author":"Corbin J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corbin J, Strauss A (2015) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. London: SAGE."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407510391338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410612779-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.2246.117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/367059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","volume-title":"The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood","author":"Hays S","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hays S (1996) The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood. New Haven, CT: Yale University."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637759309376297"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Nonarticular rheumatism, 22nd rheumatism review: Review of the American and English literature for the years 1973 and 1974","volume":"19","author":"Hench PK","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hench PK (1976) Nonarticular rheumatism, 22nd rheumatism review: Review of the American and English literature for the years 1973 and 1974. Arthritis & Rheumatology 19: 1081\u20131089.","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","first-page":"1271","article-title":"Factors of importance for work disability in women with fibromyalgia","volume":"27","author":"Henriksson C","year":"2000","unstructured":"Henriksson C, Liedberg G (2000) Factors of importance for work disability in women with fibromyalgia. The Journal of Rheumatology 27(5): 1271\u20131276.","journal-title":"The Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Narratives, Health, and Healing: Communication Theory, Research, and Practice","author":"Japp PM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Japp PM, Japp DK (2005) Desperately seeking legitimacy: Narratives of biomedically invisible discourse. In: Harter LM, Japp PM, Beck CS (eds) Narratives, Health, and Healing: Communication Theory, Research, and Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 107\u2013130."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01463373.2011.583501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1041794X.2012.741652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01463370409370197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10410230802229688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.07.080181.000333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","volume-title":"Beliefs about Inequality: Americans\u2019 View of What is and What Ought to Be","author":"Kluegel JR","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kluegel JR, Smith ER (1986) Beliefs about Inequality: Americans\u2019 View of What is and What Ought to Be. Hawthorne: Aldine de Gruyter."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-1767(85)90062-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195176933.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1742395317718035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197507000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (2019) Fibromyalgia. Available at: www.niams.nih.gov\/Health_Info\/Fibromyalgia\/default.asp (accessed 17 February 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10510974.2013.833527"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.748842"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The importance of screening for suicide risk in chronic invisible illness","volume":"2","author":"Pederson CL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pederson CL (2018) The importance of screening for suicide risk in chronic invisible illness. Journal of Health Science & Education 2(4): 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Science & Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0356-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.77.2.402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03637751.2015.1019530"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"The earliest book on rheumatism","volume":"2","author":"Ruhman W","year":"1940","unstructured":"Ruhman W (1940) The earliest book on rheumatism. British Journal of Rheumatology 2: 140\u2013162.","journal-title":"British Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2011.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","volume-title":"The American Dream: A Cultural History","author":"Samuel LR","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samuel LR (2012) The American Dream: A Cultural History. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","volume-title":"Participant Observation","author":"Spradley JP","year":"1980","unstructured":"Spradley JP (1980) Participant Observation. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"The resurrection of female hysteria in present-day ERISA disability law","volume":"20","author":"Springer-Sullivan C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Springer-Sullivan C (2005) The resurrection of female hysteria in present-day ERISA disability law. Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice 20(1): 67\u201374.","journal-title":"Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","volume-title":"Individualism and Collectivism","author":"Triandis HC","year":"1995","unstructured":"Triandis HC (1995) Individualism and Collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2017) Fibromyalgia fact sheet. Available at: www.womenshealth.gov\/a-z-topics\/fibromyalgia (accessed 10 November 2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-996-0009-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","volume-title":"The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism","author":"Weber M","year":"1904","unstructured":"Weber M (1904) The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. New York: Scribner."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330203"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2012.00885.x"}],"container-title":["Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1363459319857457","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1363459319857457","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1363459319857457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:30:58Z","timestamp":1777447858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1363459319857457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1363459319857457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1363459319857457","relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-4593","1461-7196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-4593","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7196","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,20]]}}}