{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T23:45:51Z","timestamp":1776815151543,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article considers some of the main features of so-called truth and reconciliation commissions, their history and structure and their characteristic concerns with respect to their central dilemmas, including: how they grapple with notions of truth, justice, liability, reconciliation, apology and forgiveness, and how they address the need to support the \u201creconstruction\u201d of selves and identities in the wake of massive trauma and collective violence. A particular concern is with how such commissions or related tribunals engender what can be called a \u201cone-to-many\u201d dynamic, in which they try to effect social reconciliation while focusing attention, via testimony and story-telling, on the traumas and suffering of individual victims. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461510362043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]],"date-time":"2010-05-28T08:09:53Z","timestamp":1275034193000},"page":"33-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Truth and Reconciliation Commissions: Problems in Transitional Justice and the Reconstruction of Identity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Avruch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Reconciliation, justice, and coexistence: Theory and practice","author":"Abu-Nimer, M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0130.1994.tb00609.x"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Eichmann in Jerusalem: A report on the banality of evil","author":"Arendt, H.","year":"1964"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"47","volume":"2","author":"Avruch, K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Social Justice"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/825942"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195166439.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"A country unmasked: Inside South Africa\u2019s Truth and Reconciliation Commission","author":"Boraine, A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Imagine coexistence: Restoring humanity after violent ethnic conflict","author":"Chayes, A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/9780333983140"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Cobb, S. ( 2003). Fostering coexistence in identity-based conflicts: Towards a narrative approach. In A. Chayes & M. Minow (Eds.), Imagine coexistence (pp. 294-310). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass."},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Violence and subjectivity","author":"Das, V.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du Toit, A. ( 2000). The moral foundations of the South African TRC: Truth as acknowledgment and justice as recognition. In R. I. Rotberg & D. Thompson (Eds.), Truth vs. justice: The morality of truth commissions (pp. 122-140). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400832033-007"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"The essential other: A developmental psychology of the self","author":"Galatzer-Levy, R.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002234336900600301"},{"key":"atypb15","unstructured":"Gopin, M. ( 2001). Forgiveness as an element of conflict resolution in religious cultures. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, justice, and coexistence (pp. 87-99). Lanham MD: Lexington Books."},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/762562"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203903452"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hermann, T. ( 2004). Reconciliation: Reflections on the theoretical and practical utility of the term. In Y. Bar-Simon-Tov (Ed.), From conflict resolution to reconciliation (pp. 39-60). Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195166439.003.0003"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030642209602500522"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelman, H. ( 2004). Reconciliation as identity change: A social-psychological perspective. In Y. Bar-Simon-Tov (Ed.), From conflict resolution to reconciliation (pp. 111-124). Oxford: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195166439.003.0006"},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"The analysis of self","author":"Kohut, H.","year":"1971"},{"key":"atypb22","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"Kriesberg, L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Peace Studies"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"Transitional justice: How emerging democracies reckon with former regimes (3","author":"Kritz, N.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb24","unstructured":"Lambourne, W. ( 2001). Justice and reconciliation: Postconflict peacebuilding in Cambodia and Rwanda. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, justice, and coexistence (pp. 311-337). Lanham, MD : Lexington Books."},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Building peace: Sustainable reconciliation in divided societies","author":"Lederach, J.P.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Documentary film directed by Frances Reid and Deborah Hoffmann","author":"Long Night\u2019s Journey into Day.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"Between vengeance and forgiveness","author":"Minow, M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"The biology of violence","author":"Niehoff, D.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Nunca Mas: Report of the Argentine National Commission on the Disappeared","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement","author":"Pruitt, D.","year":"2004","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"Contemporary conflict resolution","author":"Ramsbotham, O.","year":"2005"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9781685850197","volume-title":"Justice and reconciliation: After the violence","author":"Rigby, A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"Cultures under siege: Collective violence and trauma","author":"Robben, A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400832033"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327949pac1001_3"},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"The body in pain: The making and unmaking of the world","author":"Scarry, E.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022278X01003706"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/isec.22.2.5"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5842.1999.tb00012.x"},{"key":"atypb40","volume-title":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report","author":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa (TRC).","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb41","unstructured":"Van der Merwe, H. ( 2001). Reconciliation and justice in South Africa: Lessons from the TRC\u2019s community interventions. In M. Abu-Nimer (Ed.), Reconciliation, Justice, and Coexistence (pp. 187-207). Lanham MD: Lexington Books,"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/05333160122077730"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/300104"},{"key":"atypb44","volume":"6","author":"Winslow, T.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Track Two"}],"container-title":["Transcultural Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1363461510362043","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1363461510362043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T14:11:56Z","timestamp":1738073516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1363461510362043"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1363461510362043"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1363461510362043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-4615","1461-7471"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-4615","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7471","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}}}