{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T11:04:07Z","timestamp":1780571047766,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,1]],"date-time":"2010-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264982400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A normative sequence of six stages is proposed to describe the process of evolution from open conflict to harmonious coexistence, as well at its devolution from the latter to the former. The stages may be termed Confrontation , Truce, Collaboration, Cooperation, Interdependence and Integration. Each of the six stages constitutes an amalgam of practices, narratives and prevalent emotions in a relational \u201cgame\u201d that tends to resist change. At the stage of Confrontation, each party assumes that any act of the other is motivated by ill intent, and active hostility prevails. In Truce or Freeze, acts of hostility are curtailed by a real or virtual \u201cneutral zone\u201d controlled by powerful third parties. The dominant emotions are resentment, anger, and mistrust. Collaboration retains some assumptions of ill intent while certain activities in common are carried out. The third party looses visibility, and the dominant emotions include ambivalence. Cooperation entails the assumption of neutral intent of self and other, while activities in common are planned and carried out. Key emotions include cautious compassion for the other. Interdependence is characterized by active involvement in planning toward the common good. The dominant emotions are trust and forgiveness. At the other end of the spectrum, parties at the stage of Integration are actively involved in projects aimed at the common good and each supports the other\u2019s growth. The dominant emotions are solidarity and a friendly trust. Movement from one stage to another shares certain characteristics with other complex systems. For professionals aiming to facilitate evolutionary change, whether in interpersonal or in international relations, the systemic cohesion of each stage constitutes the main challenge, and the promise of similar cohesion at the next stage provides the main hope. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461510362650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]],"date-time":"2010-05-28T08:09:53Z","timestamp":1275034193000},"page":"55-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Pathway Between Conflict and Reconciliation: Coexistence as an Evolutionary Process"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Sluzki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"George Mason University,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197609000-00003"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Heart of Darkness","author":"Conrad, J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Shake hands with the devil: The failure of humanity in Rwanda","author":"Dallaire, R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"91","volume":"8","author":"Foerster, H. von","year":"1976","journal-title":"Cybernetics Forum"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Intimate violence","author":"Gelles, R.J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"The tipping point: How little things can make a big difference","author":"Gladwell, M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"The invention of peace: Reflections on war and international order","author":"Howard, M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Work stress and social support","author":"House, J.S.","year":"1981"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1596\/0-8213-4682-2"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211415698"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Between vengeance and forgiveness: Facing history after genocide and mass violence","author":"Minow, M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Making peace","author":"Mitchell, G.J.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00896600"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Order out of chaos: Man\u2019s new dialogue with nature","author":"Prigogine, I.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2003.00479.x"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005198514704"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"The third side","author":"Ury, W.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Pragmatics of human communication","author":"Watzlawick, P.","year":"1967"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Dimensions of forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives","author":"Worthington, E. 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