{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:59:31Z","timestamp":1782266371301,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]],"date-time":"2013-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> What can an exploration of contemporary Aboriginal healing programs such as those offered in Canadian prisons and urban clinics tell us about the importance of history in understanding social and psychological pathology, and more significantly the salience of the concept of \u201chistorical trauma\u201d? The form of Aboriginal \u201chealing\u201d that has emerged in recent decades to become dominant in many parts of the country is itself a reflection of historical processes and efforts to ameliorate the consequences of what is today often termed \u201chistorical trauma.\u201d In other words, contemporary notions of \u201chealing\u201d and the social, cultural, medical, and psychological disruption and distress caused by colonialism and captured in the term \u201chistorical trauma\u201d have coevolved in an interdependent manner. I also argue that there is a tension between the attribution of this distress to both specific (e.g., residential schools) and generalized (e.g., colonialism) historical factors, as evident in the \u201chistorical trauma\u201d concept, and the prevailing emphasis in many healing programs to encourage the individual to take personal responsibility for their situation and avoid attributing blame to other factors. I conclude that \u201chistorical trauma\u201d represents an idiom of distress that captures a variety of historical and contemporary phenomena and which provides a language for expressing distress that is gaining currency, at least among scholars, and that the contemporary Aboriginal healing movement represents an effort to deal with the absence or failure of both \u201ctraditional\u201d Aboriginal healing and government-sponsored medical and psychological services to adequately deal with this distress of colonialism. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461513487671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]],"date-time":"2013-06-21T04:51:29Z","timestamp":1371790289000},"page":"370-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Healing history? Aboriginal healing, historical trauma, and personal responsibility"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"James B.","family":"Waldram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1363461513487671","first-page":"272","volume-title":"Healing traditions: The mental health of Aboriginal peoples in Canada","author":"Adelson N.","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr2-1363461513487671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(95)00055-C"},{"key":"bibr3-1363461513487671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00377319809517532"},{"key":"bibr4-1363461513487671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.0802.1998.60"},{"key":"bibr5-1363461513487671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461508094673"},{"key":"bibr6-1363461513487671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/9781442603073"},{"key":"bibr7-1363461513487671","unstructured":"Dickson, R. 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R.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr16-1363461513487671","volume-title":"Medicinal plants of North America (Technical Reports, No","author":"Moerman D.","year":"1986"},{"key":"bibr17-1363461513487671","volume-title":"Native American ethnobotany","author":"Moerman D.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr18-1363461513487671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00054782"},{"key":"bibr19-1363461513487671","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520340923-007"},{"key":"bibr20-1363461513487671","volume-title":"Final report","volume":"3","author":"Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr21-1363461513487671","unstructured":"Swidrovich, C. M. (2004). Positive experiences of First Nations children in non-Aboriginal foster or adoptive care: De-constructing the \u201cSixties Scoop.\u201d (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis). University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr22-1363461513487671","first-page":"43","volume":"5","author":"Tousignant M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Aboriginal Health"},{"key":"bibr23-1363461513487671","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uprety, Y., Asselin, H., Dhakal, A. & Julien, N. (2012). Traditional use of medicinal plants in the boreal forest of Canada: Review and perspectives. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 8(7). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ethnobiomed.com\/content\/8\/1\/7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-8-7"},{"key":"bibr24-1363461513487671","volume-title":"American Indian medicine","author":"Vogel V.","year":"1970"},{"key":"bibr25-1363461513487671","volume-title":"The way of the pipe: Aboriginal spirituality and symbolic healing in Canadian prisons","author":"Waldram J. 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