{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T19:46:59Z","timestamp":1790452019305,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428364800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A cross-cultural team including a U.S.-trained clinical cross-cultural psychologist and two Turkish psychiatrists conducted research on a set of five trauma treatment psychotherapy groups for adult women survivors of sexual abuse in Ankara, Turkey. Based upon observational comparisons between trauma treatment groups in U.S. and Turkish settings, the team developed an approach to assist in adaptation of treatment methods from one cultural setting to another. This is a preliminary effort to develop a conceptual tool to focus the attention of therapists on salient dimensions of culture that may influence the psychotherapy process. This article describes six possible dimensions: (a) relational\/individual self; (b) situationalism\/universalism; (c) high\/low power differential; (cc) high\/low gender differential; (d) internal\/external control; (e) emotional expressivity\/containment; and (f) short-term\/long-term time orientation. Comparative cultural examples from trauma psychotherapy group field notes illustrate the use of the tool. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461515578061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]],"date-time":"2015-04-08T04:22:34Z","timestamp":1428466954000},"page":"808-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Systematizing cultural awareness: Toward a model for modification of trauma therapy and an application in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Welkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent scholar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sel\u00e7uk","family":"Candansayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University Medical Faculty"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aslihan","family":"D\u00f6nmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gazi University Medical Faculty"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1363461515578061","volume-title":"Women and gender in Islam: Historical roots of a modern debate","author":"Ahmed L.","year":"1992"},{"key":"bibr2-1363461515578061","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-1363461515578061","volume-title":"T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de t\u00f6re ve namus cinayetleri: T\u00f6re ve namus cinayeti i\u015fleyen ki\u015filer \u00fczerine sosyolojik bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma [Traditional and honor killings in Turkey: A sociological study of people who committed traditional and honor killings]","author":"Ba\u011fl\u0131 M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr4-1363461515578061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2006.00043.x"},{"key":"bibr5-1363461515578061","volume-title":"Steps to an ecology of mind: Collected essays in anthropology, psychiatry, evolution, and epistemology","author":"Bateson G.","year":"1972"},{"key":"bibr6-1363461515578061","volume-title":"Women writing culture","author":"Behar R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr7-1363461515578061","volume-title":"Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications","author":"Berry J. 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