{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:07:30Z","timestamp":1792811250892,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This case study presents the life history and postincarceration experiences of two forensic psychiatric patients diagnosed with comorbid mental illness and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The men first met in prison and a few years after their release became roommates at the suggestion of their community support worker and parole officer. With shared and coordinated clinical and mentorship supports, the men were able to establish stability in their lives and manage their mental illness. However, changes in support and gaps within the continuum of care contributed to a sudden breakdown in their stability. The life history and experiences of the two men illustrate the importance in establishing and maintaining positive social networks and coordinated supports for the postincarceration success of offenders living with FASD and comorbid mental illness. The findings highlight areas of patient and system vulnerability that should be addressed to reduce recidivism and strengthen the stability in the lives of these individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461516689216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]],"date-time":"2017-02-03T13:19:52Z","timestamp":1486127992000},"page":"107-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The lived experience of paroled offenders with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Caroline L.","family":"Tait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansfield","family":"Mela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garth","family":"Boothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Stoops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Saskatchewan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1363461516689216","volume-title":"Reconciliation in child welfare: Touchstones of hope for Indigenous children, youth, and families","author":"Blackstock C.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr3-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2010.09.015"},{"key":"bibr4-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Brown, J., Herrick, S. & Long-McGie, J. (2014). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and offender reentry: A review for criminal justice and mental health professionals.\n                      Behavioral Health\n                      ,\n                      1\n                      (1): 1\u201319."},{"key":"bibr5-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Brown, J., Long-McGie, J., Wartnik, A., Oberoi, P., Wresh, J., Weinkauf, E. \u2026 Kerr, A. (2014). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the criminal justice system: A review.\n                      Journal of Law Enforcement\n                      ,\n                      3\n                      (6): 1\u201310."},{"key":"bibr6-1363461516689216","first-page":"e14","volume":"1","author":"Burd L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of FAS Interational"},{"key":"bibr7-1363461516689216","volume-title":"2014 report card on child and family poverty in Canada","author":"Campaign 2000","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr8-1363461516689216","volume-title":"Mental health and criminal justice policy framework","author":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr9-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040302"},{"key":"bibr10-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30140"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr11-1363461516689216","first-page":"57","volume":"12","author":"Clarke M. 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K.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr21-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199910000-00012"},{"key":"bibr22-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Gerger, B. L. (2011).\n                      \u201cNow you see me, now you don\u2019t\u201d \u2013 Service delivery to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) offenders: A study of policy and practice in Saskatchewan community corrections\n                      (Unpublished master\u2019s thesis). University of Regina, SK, Canada."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr23-1363461516689216","first-page":"33","volume":"8","author":"Grant T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mental Health Aspects of Developmental Disabilities"},{"key":"bibr24-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2011.01852.x"},{"key":"bibr25-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1"},{"key":"bibr26-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Jonsson, E., Dennett, L. & Littlejohn, G. (2009). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): Across the lifespan.\n                      Paper presented at the IHE Consensus Development Conference\n                      , Edmonton, Canada, 7\u20139 October."},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr27-1363461516689216","first-page":"112","volume":"20","author":"Kowalewski K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr28-1363461516689216","volume-title":"Mental illness and the criminal justice system","author":"MacPhail A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr29-1363461516689216","volume-title":"Good intentions, disappointing results: A progress report on federal Aboriginal corrections","author":"Mann M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr30-1363461516689216","unstructured":"McLachlan, K. E. (2012).\n                      An examination of the abilities, risks, and needs of adolescents and young adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in the criminal justice system\n                      (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada."},{"key":"bibr31-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Mela, M. (2013, September).\n                      Managing mentally disordered offenders with FASD in the community\n                      . Paper presented at 14th Annual Fetal Alcohol Canadian Expertise (FACE) Research Roundtable, St. John\u2019s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada."},{"key":"bibr32-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2012.11.007"},{"key":"bibr33-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Mela, M. & Tait, C. (2014, April).\n                      Managing mentally disordered offenders with FASD in the community: What works and what should work better?\n                      Paper presented at the 6th National Biennial Conference on Adolescents and Adults with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Changing the Conversation, Vancouver, Canada."},{"key":"bibr34-1363461516689216","unstructured":"O\u2019Malley, K. & Rich, S. D. (2013). Clinical implications of a link between fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and autism or Asperger\u2019s disorder \u2013 A neurodevelopmental frame for helping understanding and management. In M. Fitzgerald (Ed.),\n                      Recent advances in autism spectrum disorders \u2013 Volume 1\n                      (pp. 451\u2013477). Vienna, Austria: InTech."},{"key":"bibr35-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2011.577113"},{"key":"bibr36-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404172"},{"key":"bibr37-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060434"},{"key":"bibr38-1363461516689216","volume-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and the criminal justice system","author":"Public Safety Canada","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr39-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Radford-Paz, E. (2013).\n                      Risk and protective factors for criminality among adults with FASD\n                      (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Laurentian University of Sudbury, Canada."},{"key":"bibr41-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9166-x"},{"key":"bibr42-1363461516689216","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"Roach K.","year":"2009","journal-title":"University of British Columbia Law Review"},{"key":"bibr44-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01543.x"},{"key":"bibr45-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2009).\n                      School-age population living in low-income circumstances\n                      . Retrieved from http:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/pub\/81-599-x\/81-599-x2009004-eng.htm (accessed 23 January 2017)."},{"key":"bibr47-1363461516689216","volume-title":"Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE): Final report to the Center for Disease Control","author":"Streissguth A. P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr49-1363461516689216","unstructured":"Tait, C. L. (2003a).\n                      Fetal alcohol syndrome among Aboriginal people in Canada: Review and analysis of intergenerational links to residential schools\n                      (Aboriginal Health Foundation Research Series)\n                      .\n                      Ottawa, ON: Aboriginal Health Foundation."},{"key":"bibr50-1363461516689216","volume-title":"\u201cThe tip of the iceberg\u201d: The \u201cmaking\u201d of fetal alcohol syndrome in Canada","author":"Tait C. L.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr51-1363461516689216","first-page":"39","volume":"11","author":"Tait C. L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenious Community Health"},{"key":"bibr52-1363461516689216","volume-title":"Truth and Reconciliation Commision of Canada: Calls to action","author":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr53-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370505000406"},{"key":"bibr54-1363461516689216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019819702400309"}],"container-title":["Transcultural Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1363461516689216","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/1363461516689216","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/1363461516689216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T19:04:16Z","timestamp":1740855856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/1363461516689216"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/1363461516689216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1363461516689216","relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-4615","1461-7471"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-4615","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7471","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}}}