{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:12:46Z","timestamp":1787019166032,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study aimed to identify trauma types over the life course among adult refugees and to explore their accounts of childhood maltreatment. A sample of 43 Arabic-speaking refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) attending a treatment context in Denmark were interviewed. Using a \u201cTrauma Coding Manual\u201d developed for this study, trauma types were identified in interview transcripts. In both men and women with Iraqi and Palestinian-Lebanese backgrounds, high levels of trauma complexity and high rates of childhood maltreatment were found (63%, n\u2009=\u200927). A number of concepts and categories emerged in the domains childhood physical abuse (CPA), childhood emotional abuse (CEA), and neglect. Participants articulated wide personal impacts of child abuse in emotional, relational, and behavioral domains in their adult lives. These narratives contribute valuable clinical information for refugee trauma treatment providers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461517737198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]],"date-time":"2017-11-13T05:32:46Z","timestamp":1510551166000},"page":"840-869","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Trauma complexity and child abuse: A qualitative study of attachment narratives in adult refugees with PTSD"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Riber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Copenhagen, Competence Centre for Transcultural Psychiatry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr2-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.08.016"},{"key":"bibr3-1363461517737198","first-page":"419","volume-title":"Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice","author":"Allen J. 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Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).\n                      Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews\n                      , (3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003388.pub3.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003388.pub3"},{"key":"bibr9-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-015-0064-9"},{"key":"bibr10-1363461517737198","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Attachment","volume":"1","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1969"},{"key":"bibr11-1363461517737198","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Separation, anxiety and anger","volume":"2","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1973"},{"key":"bibr12-1363461517737198","volume-title":"Attachment and loss: Sadness and depression","volume":"3","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1980"},{"key":"bibr13-1363461517737198","volume-title":"A secure base","author":"Bowlby J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr14-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.2.235"},{"key":"bibr15-1363461517737198","unstructured":"Buhmann, C. 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Traumatized refugees: Morbidity, treatment and predictors of outcome (PhD thesis).\n                      Danish Medical Journal\n                      ,\n                      61\n                      (8): B4871, 1\u201329. https:\/\/www.psykiatri-regionh.dk\/centre-og-social-tilbud\/kompetencecentre\/transkulturel-psykiatri\/CTP-Publications\/Documents\/traumatized_refugees_buhmann.pdf."},{"key":"bibr16-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-33"},{"key":"bibr17-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20415"},{"key":"bibr18-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118093146"},{"key":"bibr19-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(91)90085-R"},{"key":"bibr20-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20697"},{"key":"bibr21-1363461517737198","first-page":"4","author":"Cloitre M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"key":"bibr22-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-3204.41.4.412"},{"key":"bibr23-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2015.1113305"},{"key":"bibr24-1363461517737198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.02.001"},{"key":"bibr25-1363461517737198","volume-title":"Adult attachment patterns in a treatment context, relationship and narrative","author":"Daniel S. 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