{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T07:05:27Z","timestamp":1768633527352,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIMH \/ Fogarty International Center","award":["Brain Disorders in the Developing World: 1R21MH093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Brain Disorders in the Developing World: 1R21MH093"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Sociocultural context seems to influence the epidemiology, phenotype, treatment, and course of psychosis. However, data from low- and middle-income countries is sparse. This research is part of a multidisciplinary and multimethod study on possible mental disturbances, including hallucinations, among (apprentice) traditional health practitioners (THPs) who have experienced the \u201cancestral calling to become a THP\u201d in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The aim of the current article is to examine whether the calling-related experiences can be assessed according to a psychiatric taxonomy. We included individuals who were identified with the calling and who were undergoing training to become a THP ( ukuthwasa). IsiZulu-speaking formal mental health practitioners conducted thorough psychiatric interviews that measured psychological experiences with and without distress using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders using the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. Of the 48 individuals who participated, 92% had psychotic experiences (PE), causing distress in 75%; and 23% met DSM-5 criteria for an unspecified psychotic disorder (15%) or mood disorder (8%). In conclusion, in rural KwaZulu-Natal, the ancestral calling may resemble phenomena that psychiatry would understand in the context of psychosis, ranging from subclinical PE to clinical psychotic disorder. Ukuthwasa might have a beneficial influence on the course of psychotic symptoms in some individuals, potentially because it reduces stigma and promotes recovery. Further multidisciplinary research is needed to investigate the psychopathology of the apprentice THPs and the underlying processes of ukuthwasa. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461520949672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T09:58:32Z","timestamp":1601978312000},"page":"486-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Psychopathology among apprentice traditional health practitioners: A quantitative study from rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1713-9861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine C.E.","family":"van der Zeijst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Veling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elliot Mqansa","family":"Makhathini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa"},{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sisanda","family":"Mtshemla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ndukuzakhe D.","family":"Mbatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinethemba S.","family":"Shabalala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Susser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"City University of New York, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"},{"name":"University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ezra","family":"Susser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6353-5465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans W.","family":"Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1363461520949672","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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