{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T22:51:54Z","timestamp":1771023114012,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007277","name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007277","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"New York County Psychiatric Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Research on mental health in specific communities requires careful attention to cultural context and language. Studies on global mental health have increasingly analyzed idioms of distress, or culturally situated ways of conceptualizing, experiencing, and expressing distress. This study examines how idioms of distress are used and understood in Arcahaie, Haiti. The goal was to enrich current understanding of mental health conceptualization and communication by exploring the heterogeneity of common idioms of distress. Interviews with community members ( N\u2009=\u200947) explored meanings and perceived causations of 13 idioms of distress. Major themes included pervasiveness of poverty, ruminative thinking, effects of Vodou and Christian belief systems, embodied distress, and the behavior of \u201ccrazy\u201d people ( moun fou). The findings suggest some specific pathways for potential community engagement projects, including training lay-leaders in cognitive behavioral therapy using existing socioreligious infrastructure and expanding access to social engagement activities. This research contributes to a small but growing body of literature on mental illness in Haiti and to methods for studying idioms of distress. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13634615211000543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T07:41:56Z","timestamp":1617954116000},"page":"479-491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Understanding mental distress in Arcahaie, Haiti: Heterogeneous uses of idioms of distress in communicating psychological suffering"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4197-0009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Lichtenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengxi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenol","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haiti Children, Williamson, Haiti"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0742-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie N.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology\/Global Health Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig L.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-010-9172-0"},{"key":"bibr2-13634615211000543","volume-title":"L\u2019univers rural ha\u00eftien: Le pays en dehors","author":"Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my G.","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr3-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511613128"},{"key":"bibr4-13634615211000543","volume-title":"Mama Lola: A Vodou priestess in Brooklyn","author":"Brown K.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr5-13634615211000543","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency. (2021). Haiti. World Factbook. https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/the-world-factbook\/countries\/haiti\/#people-and-society"},{"key":"bibr6-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169384"},{"key":"bibr7-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-015-9475-2"},{"key":"bibr8-13634615211000543","volume-title":"Divine horsemen: The living gods of Haiti","author":"Deren M.","year":"1953"},{"key":"bibr9-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_235_17"},{"key":"bibr10-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.2002.56.4.508"},{"key":"bibr11-13634615211000543","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Ethnopsychiatry: The cultural construction of professional and folk psychiatries","author":"Farmer P.","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr12-13634615211000543","first-page":"48","volume-title":"The Journal of Rural Health","volume":"34","author":"Hoeft T. J.","year":"2018"},{"key":"bibr13-13634615211000543","volume-title":"Culture and PTSD: Trauma in historical and global perspective","author":"Hinton D. E.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr14-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-010-9175-x"},{"key":"bibr15-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-010-9174-y"},{"key":"bibr16-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3406\/assr.1979.2188"},{"key":"bibr17-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1387.2011.01165.x"},{"key":"bibr18-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/etho.12249"},{"key":"bibr19-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.10.044"},{"key":"bibr20-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461513502697"},{"key":"bibr21-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-014-9380-0"},{"key":"bibr22-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461519862708"},{"key":"bibr23-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2014.907389"},{"key":"bibr25-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.03.040"},{"key":"bibr26-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-012-9270-2"},{"key":"bibr27-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-010-9170-2"},{"key":"bibr28-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0768-y"},{"key":"bibr29-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461519861795"},{"key":"bibr30-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60754-X"},{"key":"bibr31-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520926745"},{"key":"bibr32-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WTF.0000000000000074"},{"key":"bibr33-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461518824431"},{"key":"bibr34-13634615211000543","unstructured":"M\u00e9traux A. (1972). Voodoo in Haiti (H. Charteris, Trans.). Schocken."},{"key":"bibr35-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104365960001100307"},{"key":"bibr36-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-5-30"},{"key":"bibr37-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00054782"},{"key":"bibr38-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-010-9179-6"},{"key":"bibr39-13634615211000543","unstructured":"Pew-Templeton (2010). Global Religious Futures Project: Haiti. Pew Research Center. http:\/\/www.globalreligiousfutures.org\/countries\/haiti#\/?affiliations_religion_id=11&affili ations_year=2010&restrictions_year=2015"},{"key":"bibr40-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/044797ar"},{"key":"bibr41-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1363461514543546"},{"key":"bibr42-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/157006607X211978"},{"key":"bibr43-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36019\/9780813574264"},{"key":"bibr44-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3167\/aia.2007.140304"},{"issue":"5","key":"bibr45-13634615211000543","volume":"17","author":"Vonarx N.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine"},{"key":"bibr46-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200272"},{"key":"bibr47-13634615211000543","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11013-016-9516-5"}],"container-title":["Transcultural Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13634615211000543","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13634615211000543","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13634615211000543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T22:53:06Z","timestamp":1740869586000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13634615211000543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13634615211000543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13634615211000543","relation":{},"ISSN":["1363-4615","1461-7471"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1363-4615","type":"print"},{"value":"1461-7471","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]}}}