{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:38:40Z","timestamp":1791909520030,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transcult Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To date, the clinical and scientific literature has best documented the effects of classical psychedelics, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and dimethyltryptamine (DMT), in typical quantities most often associated with macrodosing. More recently, however, microdosing with psychedelics has emerged as a social trend and nascent therapeutic intervention. This variation in psychedelic practice refers to repeat, intermittent ingestion of less-than-macrodose amounts that do not cause the effects associated with full-blown \u201ctrips\u201d. Microdosing paves the road to incorporating psychedelic drugs into a daily routine while maintaining, or even improving, cognitive and mental function. Unlike macrodosing with psychedelics, the influence of microdosing remains mostly unexplored. And yet, despite the paucity of formal studies, many informal accounts propose that microdosing plays an important role as both a therapeutic intervention (e.g., in mental disorders) and enhancement tool (e.g., recreationally\u2014to boost creativity, improve cognition, and drive personal growth). In response to this relatively new practice, we provide an integrative synthesis of the clinical, social, and cultural dimensions of microdosing. We describe some of the overarching context that explains why this practice is increasingly in vogue, unpack potential benefits and risks, and comment on sociocultural implications. In addition, this article considers the effects that macro- and microdoses have on behavior and psychopathology in light of their dosage characteristics and contexts of use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13634615221119386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:17:41Z","timestamp":1661743061000},"page":"665-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Macrodosing to microdosing with psychedelics: Clinical, social, and cultural perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2103-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayse Ceren","family":"Kaypak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Institute for Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Raz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Institute for Community and Family Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.03.017"},{"key":"bibr2-13634615221119386","volume-title":"A terrible mistake: The murder of Frank Olson and the CIA\u2019s secret Cold War experiments","author":"Albarelli H. 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McMaster University."},{"key":"bibr21-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76720-8_1"},{"key":"bibr22-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.03.005"},{"key":"bibr23-13634615221119386","volume-title":"The psychedelic explorer\u2019s guide: Safe, therapeutic, and sacred journeys","author":"Fadiman J.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr24-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.093008.100438"},{"key":"bibr25-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2018.1481827"},{"key":"bibr26-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7371.991"},{"key":"bibr27-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00185"},{"key":"bibr28-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473708666150107121331"},{"key":"bibr29-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000113"},{"key":"bibr30-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00171"},{"key":"bibr31-13634615221119386","author":"Glatter R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forbes"},{"key":"bibr32-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513"},{"key":"bibr33-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2358-5"},{"key":"bibr34-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108094300"},{"key":"bibr35-13634615221119386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0457-5"},{"key":"bibr111-13634615221119386","unstructured":"Grinspoon L., Bakalar J. 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