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We argue that the virus elicits widespread negative emotions which are spread contagiously through social media due to increased social isolation caused by shelter-in-place directives. When an incident occurs which highlights systemic injustices, the prevailing negative emotional climate intensifies anger at these injustices as well as other emotions, which motivates participation in protest actions despite the obvious risk. We discuss how the pandemic might shape both normative and non-normative protests, including radical violent and destructive collective actions. We also discuss how separatism is being encouraged in some countries due to a lack of effective national leadership and speculate that this is partially the result of different patterns of social identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430220985208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T02:15:57Z","timestamp":1614910557000},"page":"297-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Activism in the time of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1962-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter R.","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-1368430220985208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.2011.02032.x"},{"key":"bibr2-1368430220985208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12355"},{"key":"bibr3-1368430220985208","unstructured":"Andone D. 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National Public Radio. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2020\/08\/26\/906379791\/nba-postpones-3-playoff-games-as-milwaukee-bucks-protest-wisconsin-police-shooting"},{"key":"bibr15-1368430220985208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466607X269829"},{"key":"bibr16-1368430220985208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11211-014-0229-z"},{"key":"bibr17-1368430220985208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjso.12186"},{"key":"bibr18-1368430220985208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167218783190"},{"key":"bibr19-1368430220985208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/ijpr.v8i2.162"},{"key":"bibr20-1368430220985208","unstructured":"Horowitz J. (2020, July 31). How Italy turned around its Coronavirus calamity. New York Times. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/07\/31\/world\/europe\/italy-coronavirus-reopening.html"},{"key":"bibr21-1368430220985208","unstructured":"Indigenous Services Canada. (2020, August 12). 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