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The age of onset for ADRD was obtained from longitudinal follow-up of the IIDP study. Age of onset for comorbid conditions was obtained from EMR. The analysis included 1177 African Americans, among whom 174 were diagnosed with ADRD. A semi-parametric marginal bivariate survival model was used to examine the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on dual time-to-event outcomes while adjusting for sex, years of education, and the first principal component of GWAS data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Targeted analysis of 20 SNPs that were reported to be associated with ADRD revealed that six were significantly associated with dual-disease outcomes, specifically congestive heart failure and cancer. In addition, eight novel SNPs were identified for associations with both ADRD and a comorbid condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a bivariate survival model approach, we identified genetic variants associated not only with ADRD, but also with comorbid conditions. Our utilization of dual-disease models represents a novel analytic strategy for uncovering shared genetic variants for multiple disease phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877241289054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T01:53:02Z","timestamp":1732499582000},"page":"470-479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic variants for Alzheimer's disease and comorbid conditions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Minmin","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongbing","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Unverzagt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Apostolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh C","family":"Hendrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Saykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Foroud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6741-6380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18086"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17752"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215657"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318187541c"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20589"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004678"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","article-title":"From GWAS to PheWAS: the search for causality in big data","volume":"1","author":"Huang JY","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang JY, Labrecque JA. 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