{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:46:20Z","timestamp":1792554380748,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurocognitive disorder in the world and impacts the individual's cognitive functions and functionality in the early stages of the condition. Virtual reality (VR) interventions can assist in non-pharmacological treatment in a more ecological way, positively impacting cognitive abilities. However, there are few studies on VR exclusively involving people with AD in randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of VR intervention on the cognitive functions of people with AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematically conducted search was carried out in MEDLINE, EMBASE, BVS, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of VR and traditional cognitive interventions in people with AD. Methodologic quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and outcomes were calculated as risk ratios (for dichotomous outcomes) and mean differences (for continuous outcomes) with 95% confidence interval.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of three randomized controlled trials with 75 participants were included. An improvement in the performance of the VR group was observed in memory, especially when comparing the usual treatment [MD\u2009=\u20090.99; CI95%: 0.33; 1.66; I\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u20090%]. VR has little or no effect on participants\u2019 executive function [MD\u2009=\u20091.36; 95%CI: \u22121.12; 3.85; I\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2009<\/jats:sup>\n                      =\u20090%] compared to the usual treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study results cautiously suggest, despite the small number of participants, that VR intervention may be a suitable memory treatment for individuals diagnosed with AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877241299037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T05:29:06Z","timestamp":1732512546000},"page":"68-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Virtual reality interventions and their effects on the cognition of individuals with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Vanessa Daudt","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Coelho","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson Carvas","family":"Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evidence-Based Health, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois Jean","family":"Delaere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paulo Niemeyer State Brain Institute (IECPN) Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1773-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seb\u00e0stien","family":"Serlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Free University of Brussels, UCL, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6267-8202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia Cristina Nascimento","family":"Dourado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"Dementia: key facts","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia: key facts. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","volume-title":"World Alzheimer Report 2018. The state of the art of dementia research: New frontiers","author":"Patterson C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patterson C. World Alzheimer Report 2018. The state of the art of dementia research: New frontiers. London: Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201642951"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad025"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","article-title":"Economic burden of Alzheimer disease and managed care considerations","volume":"26","author":"Wong W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong W. Economic burden of Alzheimer disease and managed care considerations. Am J Manag Care 2020; 26: S177\u2013S183.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e31820d8652"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2015.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/games.2778"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003260"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.3.248"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.105.010561"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317514545866"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14718\/ACP.2014.17.2.10"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.670029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.608407"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-17824-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01530"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnma.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210672"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","first-page":"557","article-title":"Is it possible to use highly realistic virtual reality in the elderly? A feasibility study with image-based rendering","volume":"11","author":"Benoit M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benoit M, Guerchouche R, Petit PD, et al. Is it possible to use highly realistic virtual reality in the elderly? A feasibility study with image-based rendering. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11: 557\u2013563.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2018.00101"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2018.0029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10101845"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","first-page":"215","article-title":"Computer-based technologies in dentistry: types and applications","volume":"13","author":"Albuha Al-Mussawi RM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Albuha Al-Mussawi RM, Farid F. Computer-based technologies in dentistry: types and applications. J Dent 2016; 13: 215\u2013222.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109493103322725379"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1917"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2017.2715365"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14821"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.628818"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608013350507"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01811"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.586999"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021; 372: n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","article-title":"Rob 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JAC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovic J, Page MJ, et al. Rob 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2019; 366: l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4","author":"Deeks JJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG. Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, et al. (eds) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4. (updated August 2023). London: Cochrane, 2023. https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook\/current\/chapter-10."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmental-2019-300117"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18105290"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51038-1_47"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00240"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1621"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","first-page":"891","article-title":"Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain","volume":"34","author":"Corsi PM","year":"1973","unstructured":"Corsi PM. Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain. Diss Abstr Int 1973; 34: 891.","journal-title":"Diss Abstr Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","first-page":"343","article-title":"Hartford institute for geriatric nursing. The Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale","volume":"17","author":"Graf C","year":"2008","unstructured":"Graf C. Hartford institute for geriatric nursing. The Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) scale. Medsurg Nurs 2008; 17: 343\u2013344.","journal-title":"Medsurg Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3414\/ME14-02-0021"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.824670"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877241299037","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877241299037","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877241299037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:09:17Z","timestamp":1777370957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877241299037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877241299037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877241299037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]}}}