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Deficits in spatial orientation can be an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and there is a need for brief assessment tools to identify impairments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct and known-group validity of our newly developed Spatial Orientation Screening (SOS) questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 132 patients with subjective cognitive decline (n\u2009=\u200916), mild cognitive impairment (n\u2009=\u200932), or all-cause dementia (n\u2009=\u200984) from a memory clinic and a reference group of cognitively unimpaired older adults (n\u2009=\u2009108). The patients and their next-of-kin answered the self- and proxy-rated versions of the 4-item SOS (0\u20138 points) and the 10-item Questionnaire of Everyday Navigational Ability (QuENA, 0\u201330 points). The patients also performed the Floor Maze Test (FMT) for performance-based spatial abilities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean ages (SD) of the patient and reference groups were 68.6 (\u00b17.6) years and 73.7 (\u00b16.7) years, respectively. Construct validity between self-rated versions of the SOS and QuENA was satisfactory with r\n                      <jats:sub>s\u2009<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u20090.66, between the proxy-rated versions r\n                      <jats:sub>s\u2009<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u20090.61, and between the proxy-reported SOS and FMT r\n                      <jats:sub>s\u2009<\/jats:sub>\n                      =\u20090.49 (all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Known-group validity was also acceptable, with significantly higher median (IQR) SOS self-reported scores in patients 1.0 (2.0) compared to the reference group 0.2 (0.5) points, (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Informants reported more severe impairments compared to the patients\u2019 self-reports on both SOS and QuENA (both p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The SOS had satisfactory validity for use as a screening instrument for assessment of spatial orientation in memory clinic patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877241308877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T20:53:53Z","timestamp":1736974433000},"page":"1013-1022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Validation of Spatial Orientation Screening questionnaire for use in memory clinic patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9417-2799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gro Gujord","family":"Tangen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University (OsloMet), Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Knut","family":"Engedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geir","family":"Selb\u00e6k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3549-4568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shams","family":"Dakhil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riona","family":"McArdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marit","family":"Mj\u00f8rud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"R\u00f8svik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian National Centre for Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, T\u00f8nsberg, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Marit","family":"Mengshoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Brita","family":"Knapskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.45.1.67"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201106"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0031-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","volume-title":"The hippocampus as a cognitive map","author":"O'Keefe J","year":"1978","unstructured":"O'Keefe J, Nadel L. 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