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They may also be useful for Alzheimer's disease (AD) to diminish iron from microbleeds. DFO may also stimulate antioxidant membrane repair which is impaired during AD. DFO and other chelators do enter the brain despite some contrary reports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low dose, oral DFO was given in lab chow to wildtype (WT) C57BL\/6 mice to evaluate potential impact on iron levels, iron-signaling and storage proteins, and amyloid-\u03b2 protein precursor (A\u03b2PP) and processing enzymes. Young WT mice do not have microbleeds or disrupted blood-brain barrier of AD mice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron was measured by MRI and chemically after two weeks of dietary DFO. Cerebral cortex was examined for changes in iron metabolism, antioxidant signaling, and A\u03b2PP processing by western blot.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DFO decreased brain iron 18% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) estimated by R2 MRI and decreased seven major proteins that mediate iron metabolism by at least 25%. The iron storage proteins ferritin light and heavy chain decreased by at least 30%. A\u03b2PP and secretase enzymes also decreased by 30%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>WT mice respond to DFO with decreased A\u03b2PP, amyloid processing enzymes, and antioxidant repair. Potential DFO treatment for early-stage AD by DFO should consider the benefits of lowered A\u03b2PP and secretase enzymes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877241313031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T23:24:26Z","timestamp":1738538666000},"page":"1180-1190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Iron chelation by oral deferoxamine treatment decreased brain iron and iron signaling proteins"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0095-5344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max A","family":"Thorwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-2908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi S","family":"Sta Maria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ararat","family":"Chakhoyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8698-5159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peggy A","family":"O\u2019Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Environmental Sciences Department, University of California, Merced, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-8486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell E","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6802-8232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berislav","family":"Zlokovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7617-3958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caleb E","family":"Finch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00794-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(02)00807-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","article-title":"Iron associated lipid peroxidation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease is increased in lipid rafts with decreased ferroptosis suppressors, tested by chelation in mice","author":"Thorwald MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thorwald MA, Godoy-Lugo JA, Garcia G, et al. 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