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Whether this extends to pre-dementia stages is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assess physical performance patterns, evaluate relationships with imaging biomarkers, and identify specific measures distinguishing NC, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group differences (78 NC, 35 SCD, and 41 MCI) in physical function (global function, balance, gait speed, step length, single leg support) were evaluated with logistic regression while distinguishing between MCI due-to-AD and MCI due-to-vascular etiology. Relationships with imaging biomarkers (cortical atrophy score, white matter hyperintensities volumes) were analyzed with ANCOVA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were 68.6\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3 years old, had 16.2\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0 years of education, and 23% were ethnoracial minorities. Physical performance distinguished MCI from NC and SCD. Greater performance on the Mini Physical Performance Test (mini PPT) and balance were associated with lower odds of being SCD versus NC (OR\n                      <jats:sub>mini PPT<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.73; 95% CI:0.56\u20130.97; OR\n                      <jats:sub>balance<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.35, 95%CI:0.16\u20130.80). AD etiology accounted for most group differences in physical performance versus vascular etiology. Consistent associations between biomarkers, physical performance, and cognition were found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that: 1) changes in mini PPT performance and balance may help detect cognitive impairments, as early as the SCD stage; 2) changes in gait speed, gait cycle parameters, and Timed Up-and-Go may indicate more significant cognitive impairment; 3) neuronal loss is linked to subtle changes in physical functionality as early as SCD. Physical performance may be a valuable tool in early dementia detection in clinical settings and could identify targets for early intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877241313144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T12:49:41Z","timestamp":1738154981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gait, balance, and physical performance as markers of early Alzheimer's disease and related dementia risk"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5373-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena I","family":"Tolea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Boca Raton, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amie","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Boca Raton, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam Van","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Boca Raton, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilah M","family":"Besser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Boca Raton, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre M","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Boca Raton, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E","family":"Galvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Boca Raton, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afx084"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"445","article-title":"The relative temporal sequence of decline in mobility and cognition among initially unimpaired older adults: results from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging","volume":"46","author":"Tian Q","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tian Q, An Y, Resnick SM, et al. 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