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The exact mechanisms and timeline through which\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PICALM<\/jats:italic>\n                      influence brain functions and contribute to LOAD remain unidentified. This includes their effects on individuals prior to the development of the disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the effects of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PICALM<\/jats:italic>\n                      risk genes on brain health and function in non-demented individuals. This study aims to differentiate the combined risk effects of both genes from the risk associated solely with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and to examine how\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PICALM<\/jats:italic>\n                      alleles influence the risk linked to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PICALM<\/jats:italic>\n                      alleles were assessed to determine the genetic risk of LOAD in 79 healthy, middle-aged participants who underwent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings. The resting-state signal was analyzed to estimate relative spectral power, complexity (Higuchi's algorithm), and connectivity (coherence in EEG and independent component analysis-based connectivity in fMRI).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main findings indicated that individuals at risk for LOAD exhibited reduced signal complexity and the so-called \u201cslowing of EEG\u201d which are well-known EEG markers of Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, these individuals showed altered functional connectivity in fMRI (within attention-related areas).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Risk alleles of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE\/PICALM<\/jats:italic>\n                      may affect brain integrity and function prior to the clinical onset of the disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251317489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T12:34:16Z","timestamp":1742214856000},"page":"509-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alzheimer's disease-like features in resting state EEG\/fMRI of cognitively intact and healthy middle-aged\n                    <i>APOE<\/i>\n                    \/\n                    <i>PICALM<\/i>\n                    risk carriers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6528-9568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Dzianok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Wojciechowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Bioimaging Research Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6473-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Wolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioimaging Research Center, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6806-9707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Kublik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0694-180"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000017210"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10636"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.440"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2013.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.039696"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244180"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00314"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00345-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","first-page":"314","article-title":"Quantitative electroencephalography power and coherence in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"7","author":"Jelic V","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jelic V, Shigeta M, Julin P, et al. 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