{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1790075003856,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AG005407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG005407"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AR35582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR35582"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AR35583"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR35583"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AR35584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR35584"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AG005394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG005394"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AG027574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG027574"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AG027576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG027576"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01 AG026720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AG026720"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RF1AG059867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG059867"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["RF1AG064312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG064312"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["1K99AG083234-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K99AG083234-01A1"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["1R01AG083799-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AG083799-01"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["5T32HL007901-25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32HL007901-25"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AG17917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG17917"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R35 AG071916"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 AG071916"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early identification of individuals at risk for cognitive impairment is crucial, as the preclinical phase offers an opportunity for interventions to slow disease progression and improve outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While sleep electroencephalography (EEG) has shown significant promise in detecting cognitive impairment, this study aims to 1) develop and validate overnight EEG biomarkers for the prediction of future cognitive impairment risk, 2) assess their predictive performance within 5 years, and 3) explore the feasibility of using wearable, low-density EEG devices for convenient at-home monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overnight polysomnography was performed on 281 cognitively normal women in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). Cognitive reassessments were conducted approximately five years later. Features such as relative EEG power across different frequency bands and channel interactions, quantified using generalized mutual information measures, were extracted and used as inputs for machine learning models. Binary classification models distinguished participants who developed cognitive impairment from those who remained cognitively normal. Optimal feature subsets and frequency bands for classiffiation were identifed, with additional analyses testing the contribution of demographic data, sleep macrostructure, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The optimal model, utilizing univariate and multivariate EEG features, achieved an AUC of 0.76. Features from the N3 sleep stage and gamma band exhibited the largest effect sizes. Adding demographics, sleep macrostructure, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype did not enhance performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overnight EEG analyses demonstrate a promising, cost-effective approach for early cognitive impairment risk assessment. Larger studies with more diverse populations are required to validate and expand these findings in diverse populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251319742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T14:17:49Z","timestamp":1741097869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Predicting future risk of developing cognitive impairment using ambulatory sleep EEG: Integrating univariate analysis and multivariate information theory approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahab","family":"Haghayegh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biodynamics Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3498-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Herzog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6585-1610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Redline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristine","family":"Yaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2797-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie L","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6758-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, Santiago, Chile"},{"name":"Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Universidad de San Andr\u00e9s, Buenos Aires, Argentina"},{"name":"Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0350-3132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biodynamics Center, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia (2023 accessed 23 May 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Early identification of cognitive deficits: preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment","volume":"62","author":"Small BJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Small BJ, Gagnon E, Robinson B. Early identification of cognitive deficits: preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Geriatrics 2007; 62: 19\u201323.","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142910"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70168-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3083519"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"349249","article-title":"Electroencephalogram and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical and research approaches","volume":"2014","author":"Tsolaki A","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsolaki A, Kazis D, Kompatsiaris I, et al. Electroencephalogram and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical and research approaches. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 2014: 349249.","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2013.1530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12666"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.100.032305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2022.105918"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03029-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440050059033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","unstructured":"Rechtschaffen A Kales A. A manual of standardized terminology techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","volume-title":"The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications","author":"Iber C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson AL, et al. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1958.8.3.271"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2006.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised","author":"Wechsler D","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. New York, NY: Psychological Corporation, 1988."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"314","article-title":"The modified Mini-mental state (3MS) examination","volume":"48","author":"Teng EL","year":"1987","unstructured":"Teng EL, Chui HC. The modified Mini-mental state (3MS) examination. J Clin Psychiatry 1987; 48: 314\u2013318.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","volume-title":"A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms and Commentary","author":"Spreen O","year":"1991","unstructured":"Spreen O, Strauss E. A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms and Commentary. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1991."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005742"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.12.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy250"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23471"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","unstructured":"Sawilowsky S. New Effect size rules of thumb. Theoretical and Behavioral Foundations of Education Faculty Publications https:\/\/digitalcommons.wayne.edu\/coe_tbf\/4 (2009)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1010431"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2020.111178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771200001X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.3889"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2510"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx148"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.051508.135603"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00170"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2019.2909100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","first-page":"6675","article-title":"Neurotechnology and AI approach for early dementia onset biomarker from eeg in emotional stimulus evaluation task","volume":"2021","author":"Rutkowski TM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rutkowski TM, Abe MS, Otake-Matsuura M. Neurotechnology and AI approach for early dementia onset biomarker from eeg in emotional stimulus evaluation task. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021: 6675\u20136678.","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.659817"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.01.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.17357"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","first-page":"604","article-title":"Classification of healthy subjects and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with dementia from cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms: a study using artificial neural networks","volume":"10","author":"Triggiani AI","year":"2016","unstructured":"Triggiani AI, Bevilacqua V, Brunetti A, et al. Classification of healthy subjects and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients with dementia from cortical sources of resting state EEG rhythms: a study using artificial neural networks. Front Neurosci 2016; 10: 604.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-013-1070-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6581490"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miltiadous A Tzimourta KD Giannakeas N et al. Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia: a robust classification method of EEG signals and a comparison of validation methods. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11: 1437.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11081437"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940904000309"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000067973"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1979.tb02933.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059413496779"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12208"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251319742","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251319742","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251319742","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:09:59Z","timestamp":1777370999000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251319742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251319742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251319742","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]}}}