{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T08:50:47Z","timestamp":1789635047262,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Strategies that may modify Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementia disorders are being developed. To maximize the benefits of these strategies, it is critical that indicators suggesting neurocognitive decline are identified as early as possible. \u2018\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Precision neurocognition\u2019<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a heuristic that seeks to develop methodologies capable of identifying subtle behavior(s) that may flag emerging AD and other dementia related syndromes. Recent research suggests that digital neuropsychological assessment technology may be the platform that can realize the goals of precision neurocognition, i.e., the early detection of neurocognitive difficulties that are prognostic for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Past research associating 100% correct or statistically within normal limits responding using neuropsychological tests with time-based parameters obtained while participants undergo assessment is reviewed. Recent research with community dwelling and memory clinic participants examined test scores obtained using commonly available neuropsychological tests. This research extracted a number of discrete latency measures that clearly dissociate between groups, despite final test scores that are either 100% correct or statistically within normal limits. In sum, past research using digitally administered neuropsychological tests suggests that the goals of precision neurocognition as related to the early identification of neurodegenerative illness may be realized via an analysis of time derived, process-based behavior using digital assessment technology. Latency or time-based parameters as described in recent research could form the basis of a range of neurocognitive biomarkers for identifying people at risk for developing AD, other dementing disorders, and MCI.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251325725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T16:27:19Z","timestamp":1745339239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Precision neurocognition: An emerging diagnostic paradigm leveraging digital cognitive assessment technology"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6617-6066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J","family":"Libon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, New Jersey Institute for Successful Aging, Stratford, NJ, USA"},{"name":"Rowan University, Department of Psychology, Glassboro, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4939-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodney","family":"Swenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Grand Forks, ND, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dianne Teresa","family":"Langford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, Stratford, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Cosentino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Taub Institute and Sergievsky Center, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine C","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6130-5543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Lamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1235-5285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheina","family":"Emrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7742-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhoda","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, and Neurology, and the Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2442-6386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacy","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5689-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle H","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0479-4023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee","family":"Ashendorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School and VA Central Western Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-870X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01272-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kramarow EA. Diagnosed dementia in adults aged 65 and older: United States 2022. National Health Statistics Reports; no 203. Hyattsville MD: National Center for Health Statistics 2024.","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc\/154766"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2022.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.3770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.078220"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: research, measurement, and practice","author":"Kaplan E","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kaplan E. A process approach to neuropsychological assessment. In: Boll T, Bryant BK (eds) Clinical neuropsychology and brain function: research, measurement, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 1989, pp.127\u2013167."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1280593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1354647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1415629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.489997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000168877.06011.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0000076-016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407815-4.00002-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00125-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617711001238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e31819431d5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","volume-title":"The California Verbal Learning Test","author":"Delis DC","year":"2000","unstructured":"Delis DC, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, et al. The California Verbal Learning Test. 2nd ed. New York, NY: The Psychological Corporation, 2000.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-79948-3_1153"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/clin.12.1.43.1726"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040802681664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Libon DJ Swenson R Tobyne S et al. A brief digital neuropsychological protocol \u2013 II: Using artificial intelligence to assess verbal serial list learning recognition latency. Abstract presented at the annual meeting of the Alzheimer\u2019s Association Philadelphia PA 2024.","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.091489"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.11.3.400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930080606"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-2626(92)90112-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.5.588"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00146965-200306000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnn.0000119564.08162.46"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Deficits in processing speed and decision making in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: the Digit Clock Drawing Test (dCDT)","volume":"1","author":"Libon DJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Libon DJ, Penney DL, Davis R, et al. Deficits in processing speed and decision making in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: the Digit Clock Drawing Test (dCDT). J Mult Scler 2014; 1: 113.","journal-title":"J Mult Scler"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170444"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202399"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2023.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150128"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324639"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/11.3.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717000546"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029352"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2023.2249626"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","first-page":"111","volume-title":"The Boston process approach to neuropsychological assessment: a practitioner\u2019s guide","author":"Ashendorf L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ashendorf L. The Trail Making Tests. In: Ashendorf L, Swenson R, Libon DJ (eds) The Boston process approach to neuropsychological assessment: a practitioner\u2019s guide. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2013, pp.111\u2013121."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","volume-title":"The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: theory and interpretation","author":"Reitan RM","year":"1985","unstructured":"Reitan RM, Wolfson D. The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: theory and interpretation. Tucson, AZ: Neuropsychology Press, 1985."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2016.1238510"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0511(00)00052-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617717000236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2022.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.620251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4683573"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00369"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/neu0000714"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/38130"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251325725","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251325725","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251325725","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:10:09Z","timestamp":1777371009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251325725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251325725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251325725","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]}}}