{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:31:57Z","timestamp":1793205117878,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that profoundly alters brain function and organization. Currently, there is a lack of validated functional biomarkers to aid in diagnosing and classifying AD. Therefore, there is a pressing need for early, accurate, non-invasive, and accessible methods to detect and characterize disease progression. Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a minimally invasive technique to quantify functional changes in neural activity associated with AD. However, challenges such as poor signal-to-noise ratio\u2014particularly for resting-state (rsEEG) recordings\u2014and issues with standardization have hindered its broader application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct a pilot analysis of our custom automated preprocessing and feature extraction pipeline to identify indicators of AD and correlates of disease progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from 36 individuals with AD and 29 healthy participants recorded using a standard 19-channel EEG and features were processed using our custom end-t-end pipeline. Various features encompassing amplitude, power, connectivity, complexity, and microstates were extracted. Unsupervised machine learning (uniform manifold approximation and projection) and supervised learning (random forest classifiers with nested cross-validation) were used to characterize the dataset and identify differences between AD and healthy groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our pipeline successfully detected several new and previously established EEG-based measures indicative of AD status and progression, demonstrating strong external validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that this automated approach provides a promising initial framework for implementing EEG biomarkers in the AD patient population, paving the way for improved diagnostic and monitoring strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251327754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T17:56:07Z","timestamp":1742320567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["EEG biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: A novel automated pipeline for detecting and monitoring disease progression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Leif ER","family":"Simmatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1102-8553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma E","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9513-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tayo","family":"Steininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haleigh","family":"Riddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8192-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelyn","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4425-165X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Queenny","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3536-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Porsha","family":"Taheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9056-1706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene E","family":"Harmsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nardin","family":"Samuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Cove Neurosciences Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-019-0333-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"Long S Benoist C Weidner W. 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