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Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), gamma sensory stimulation (GSS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) show promise in supporting specific cognitive functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review and evaluate the efficacy of gamma oscillation modulation techniques in benefiting cognitive functions among individuals with AD and MCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted, analyzing studies from 2015 to 2023 across databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria focused on studies involving tACS, GSS, or TMS applied to older adults with MCI or AD. A total of 438 articles were screened, of which 10 met the eligibility criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that gamma tACS, especially targeting the precuneus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, benefits episodic memory and cognitive performance. GSS also showed potential in supporting memory and attention, while TMS exhibited inconsistent but promising results when applied to the angular gyrus. However, heterogeneity in study designs and small sample sizes limit the generalizability of these outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gamma oscillation modulation offers potential cognitive benefits for patients with AD and MCI, particularly in memory support. Further studies with larger samples and well-designed protocols are needed to confirm its therapeutic efficacy and optimize intervention parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251328698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T20:07:35Z","timestamp":1743192455000},"page":"331-350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gamma oscillation modulation for cognitive impairment: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3280-9387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Bartolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8132-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Di Crosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8641-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"La Malva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4866-6296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4819-2120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Ceccato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9969-6404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Prete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1240-702X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Mammarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Di Domenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2385-5840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocco","family":"Palumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202753"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","volume-title":"Memory loss, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and dementia: a practical guide for clinicians","author":"Budson AE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Budson AE, Solomon PR, Cummings JL. 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