{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:20:53Z","timestamp":1791850853653,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018578","name":"Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UL1TR001430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UL1TR001430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018578","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG072978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072978"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Sex differences have consistently been identified on autopsy, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid outcomes related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the exact mechanisms for these associations are unclear. Blood-based biomarkers are practical alternatives for the investigation of mechanisms of AD, in addition to accurate disease detection and monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n The objective of this study was to examine sex differences across a panel of blood-based plasma biomarkers in participants with and without cognitive impairment due to AD.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Plasma samples were collected from 567 participants from across the AD diagnostic continuum (i.e., normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia) and analyzed for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 (p-tau\n 181<\/jats:sub>\n ), and total tau (t-tau). Baseline and longitudinal analyses evaluated for any significant associations between sex and AD-related plasma biomarkers.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Females were found to have higher plasma GFAP compared to males at baseline regardless of cognitive diagnosis. Among those with AD dementia, females were also found to have higher NfL levels compared to males. Longitudinal analyses found that higher plasma NfL at baseline was associated with an increased risk of worsening AD dementia status only in females. No significant findings were observed for p-tau\n 181<\/jats:sub>\n or t-tau.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This study found significant sex differences in plasma biomarkers of GFAP and NfL. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms mediating these differences.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251329468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T20:22:42Z","timestamp":1743193362000},"page":"443-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Sex differences on tau, astrocytic, and neurodegenerative plasma biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6172-2248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob","family":"Labonte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and BU CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A","family":"Sugarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and BU CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Pettway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and BU CTE Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Zetterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK"},{"name":"UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK"},{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj","family":"Blennow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Piti\u00e9-Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France"},{"name":"Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. 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