{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T23:20:23Z","timestamp":1781479223185,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST","award":["2021QNRC001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021QNRC001"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority Innovation Studio of Young Staff Funding Support","award":["202118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202118"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005090","name":"Beijing Nova Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z211100002121051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z211100002121051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201568"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82220108009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82220108009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFC3602600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3602600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"STI2030-Major Projects","award":["2021ZD0201801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021ZD0201801"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Numerous blood biomarkers have emerged as promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline, but limited knowledge exists concerning the difference of blood biomarkers between early-onset and late-onset cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Investigate blood biomarkers associated with amyloid and tau pathologies, brain degeneration, inflammation, and oxidative stress in individuals afflicted with both early-onset and late-onset AD, as well as in age-matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 125 participants were enrolled. We assessed levels of 18 distinct blood biomarkers and their associations with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, neuropsychological test scores,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b54 carrier status, and neuroimaging markers. The diagnostic potential of blood biomarkers was investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In early-onset AD patients, levels of blood Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) were notably lower comparing to late-onset patients. AD patients exhibited higher blood levels of phosphorylated-tau181 (p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), as well as lower levels of amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2)\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      and IL-12p70. Oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase, exhibited a progressive trend across the continuum of AD. Inflammatory markers demonstrating correlations with neuroimaging markers. Blood levels of A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP associated with neuropsychological scores and effectively discriminated AD, with GFAP exhibiting particular relevance in early-onset cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Inflammatory markers exhibited differences between patients with early- and late-onset AD, associated with alterations in brain structure and function. With the progression of disease continuum, a decrement in antioxidant capacity was observed. Blood A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , p-tau181, NfL, and GFAP showed promise in detecting cognitive decline and AD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251340955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T03:05:00Z","timestamp":1746673500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Blood biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathologies, brain degeneration, inflammation, and oxidative stress in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4666-9303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyi","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8714-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junda","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongtian","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoji","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongtong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8052-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"},{"name":"Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv316"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-01090-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5847"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0304-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.0765"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvad018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01014-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2011.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acn.2006.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617704101069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giae049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0978"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.08.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2012.0073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2019.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","first-page":"386","article-title":"GRETNA: a graph theoretical network analysis toolbox for imaging connectomics","volume":"9","author":"Wang J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang X, Xia M, et al. GRETNA: a graph theoretical network analysis toolbox for imaging connectomics. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9: 386.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06373-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00337-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000052830"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30071-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.4986"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0755-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12697"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12816"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30231-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12841"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/alzrt163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674231187312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12614"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20010081"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-013-2638-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10111839"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01451-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121528"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/30.3.235"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31692"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.01.077"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2018.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22379"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-04176-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-020-01074-5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251340955","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251340955","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251340955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:10:41Z","timestamp":1777371041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251340955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251340955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251340955","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]}}}