{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:12:05Z","timestamp":1785892325147,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current methods to quantify blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are expensive and are not widely available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To develop a low-cost, sensitive, and accurate multiplex assay to quantify A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      , A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , p181Tau, p217Tau, NfL, and GFAP biomarkers in plasma and serum based on a widely available technology.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We used commercial antibodies to A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      , A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      , p181Tau, p217Tau, NfL, and GFAP, and xMAP Luminex technology, and developed the multiplex 5ADCSI to quantify these biomarkers from plasma and serum. The utility of 5ADCSI was tested in matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma or serum of a cohort of cognitively normal (CN: n\u2009=\u200935), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI: n\u2009=\u200917), and with AD (n\u2009=\u200911) individuals.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 5ADCSI demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity, with excellent precision. In clinical samples, moderate to strong correlation is observed between CSF and plasma or serum for A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42\/40<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.78<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), p181Tau\/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.57<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), p217Tau\/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.72<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), p181Tau (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.59<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), p217Tau (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.75<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and GFAP (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\n                      <jats:italic>0.59<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). The AUC of receiver-operator characteristic curve for differentiating CN from AD for plasma\/serum and CSF are 0.75, and 0.80 for A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42\/40<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 0.95, 0.91 for p217Tau, 0.76, 0.81 for p181Tau, and 0.73 and 0.78for GFAP, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 5ADCSI assay is highly specific, sensitive, and accurate. The wide availability of the base technology of 5ADCSI is an advantage over other similar methods and would allow cost-effective large-scale studies for validation of blood biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251340999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T03:20:28Z","timestamp":1747106428000},"page":"739-755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High precision and cost-effective multiplex quantification of amyloid-\u03b240, amyloid-\u03b242, p181Tau, p217Tau, neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein from plasma and serum"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0097-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farshad","family":"Alishahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology &amp; Immunology and Norris Cancer Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6827-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R","family":"Beam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Gatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lon S","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A","family":"Nation","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein N","family":"Yassine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillard","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Economic Science Institute, Argyros College of Business and Economics, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3814-3053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suchita","family":"Ganesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0168-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5943-3877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah Winders","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, and Norton Children's Research Institute affiliated with the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9506-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Zandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology &amp; Immunology and Norris Cancer Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-230029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.2266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac333"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30071-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01348-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-00990-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14283\/jpad.2024.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.2619"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2024.103911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2012.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0248-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.643115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-191246"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1175230"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","article-title":"Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation","volume":"29","author":"Armbruster DA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Armbruster DA, Pry T. Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. Clin Biochem Rev 2008; 29(Suppl 1): S49\u2013S52.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaa225"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00451-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201479"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"Fischer T. Automation solutions for Luminex systems (2023 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.595532"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac045"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae247"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","article-title":"Effects of pre-analytical procedures on blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's pathophysiology, glial activation, and neurodegeneration","volume":"13","author":"Ashton NJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashton NJ, Suarez-Calvet M, Karikari TK, et al. Effects of pre-analytical procedures on blood biomarkers for Alzheimer's pathophysiology, glial activation, and neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2021; 13: e12168.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (Amst)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3180"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02869-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab223"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0485-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01003-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12148-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00405-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2021-0069"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251340999","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251340999","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251340999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:10:42Z","timestamp":1777371042000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251340999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251340999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251340999","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}}}