{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:30:45Z","timestamp":1777397445734,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 111-2410-H-194-062-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 111-2410-H-194-062-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113-2410-H-194-088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2410-H-194-088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the challenge of reliably detecting encoding deficits, this study examined whether the item-specific Encoding Deficit Index, presumably resistant to attentional fluctuations, is sensitive to early Alzheimer's disease (AD), and explored its neural basis for clinical application. Results showed that the index significantly predicted hippocampal volume in individuals with early-stage AD, especially in the input-processing subfields. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed its ability to differentiate individuals with very mild AD from cognitively healthy controls. The index also demonstrated relative robustness against attention-related variability. These findings support its potential utility as a behavioral biomarker for early-stage neurodegeneration associated with AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251351612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T02:47:27Z","timestamp":1751510847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnostic utility of the item-specific Encoding Deficit Index in relation to medial temporal lobe atrophy in early-stage Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2585-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen-Hsuan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2930-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-Min","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0306-7329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Wei","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1635-9635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jir-Jei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8883-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min-Chien","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390802508918"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2015.1113536"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.11.2412-a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"676","article-title":"Factor structure and explanatory variables of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for elderly persons in Taiwan","volume":"100","author":"Shyu YI","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shyu YI, Yip PK. Factor structure and explanatory variables of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for elderly persons in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2001; 100: 676\u2013683.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709991184"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"180","article-title":"Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Chinese Version 2.0 (CASI C-2.0): administration and clinical application","volume":"21","author":"Lin KN","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin KN, Wang PN, Liu HC, et al. Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, Chinese Version 2.0 (CASI C-2.0): administration and clinical application. Acta Neurol Taiwan 2012; 21: 180\u2013189.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610294001602"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giae049"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000339588"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0460.1000412"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3085"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"1869","article-title":"Functional MR imaging in Alzheimer's disease during memory encoding","volume":"21","author":"Rombouts SA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rombouts SA, Barkhof F, Veltman DJ, et al. Functional MR imaging in Alzheimer's disease during memory encoding. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000; 21: 1869\u20131875.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390903512652"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01257-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2868-18.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlaa153"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3293"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1998)8:4<313::AID-HIPO1>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2014.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Quantifying memory deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"11","author":"Andr\u00e9s P","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9s P, Vico H, Y\u00e1\u00f1ez A, et al. Quantifying memory deficits in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 11: 108\u2013114.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000525615"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.938092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230452"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251351612","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251351612","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251351612","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:11:00Z","timestamp":1777371060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251351612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251351612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251351612","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]}}}