{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:56:07Z","timestamp":1791402967013,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dose-effect relationship and application strategy of physical exercise in delaying cognitive decline in the elderly","award":["22BTY076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22BTY076"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cognitive decline is age-specific or related to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD), which poses great concern to older adults. Exercise contributes to cognitive gains, with aerobic exercise (AE) being the most commonly studied type. However, other types, such as resistance exercise (RE), have received less attention in exercise-cognition research. This narrative review aims to synthesize evidence addressing the effects of RE, including the influence of its various parameters on cognitive function in older adults. It also examines the adaptations of neurotrophic factors, brain structure, and brain function in response to RE and explores the relationship between these adaptive responses and cognitive function. A comprehensive search of PubMed databases was conducted up to Jan 2025, identifying 41 randomized controlled trials for inclusion. RE may effectively improve executive function, memory function, and global cognition in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. However, optimal exercise parameters, such as intensity, frequency, and length, remain to be established. Evidence suggests that RE may elevate peripheral insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, increase gray matter thickness, mitigate hippocampal atrophy, and enhance brain activation, all of which appear to contribute to cognitive improvements. Collectively, these studies advance our understanding of the potential role of RE in promoting cognitive and brain health during aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251359630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T06:02:05Z","timestamp":1752818525000},"page":"15-38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of resistance exercise on cognitive function, neurotrophic factors, brain structure, and brain function in older adults: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5484-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3230-3482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2471-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijuan","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"World Alzheimer report 2023. Reducing dementia risk: never too early, never too late","author":"Long S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Long S, Benoist C, Weidner W. World Alzheimer report 2023. Reducing dementia risk: never too early, never too late. London: Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7: e105\u2013e125.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.02.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096587"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001936"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2021.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01142-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101591"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2018","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health, 2018.","edition":"10"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2023.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001189"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400266101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/22682"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02143-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-023-03492-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2102-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03720.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.02.084"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274658"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2003.03041.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1284619"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.10114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102356"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.16016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01292-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","volume-title":"Essentials of strength training and conditioning","author":"Haff GG","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haff GG, Triplett NT. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 4th ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2015.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02006-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-021-01449-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0454-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e318060111f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2114\/jpa2.29.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.494"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617715000673"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13644"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220142"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-093184"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S36514"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14542"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2020.102182"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3651-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12784"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13254"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1090-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205016666190228125429"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200349"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103435"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2020.1763740"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18084186"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112477"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-024-00344-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.111114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000476"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121478"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Effects of momentum-based dumbbell training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"L\u00fc J","year":"2016","unstructured":"L\u00fc J, Sun M, Liang L, et al. Effects of momentum-based dumbbell training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11: 9\u201316.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.16909"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2024.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2015.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.2015-0282"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","first-page":"106","article-title":"Effects of low and moderate acute resistance exercise on executive function in community-living older adults","volume":"8","author":"Naderi A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naderi A, Shaabani F, Esmaeili A, et al. Effects of low and moderate acute resistance exercise on executive function in community-living older adults. Sport Exerc Perform Psychol 2019; 8: 106\u2013122.","journal-title":"Sport Exerc Perform Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143750"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411429458"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-021-01132-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnv030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f11d85"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30368-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13905"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12336"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2019.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_89_2","article-title":"Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: an evidence-based symposium","volume":"33","author":"Kesaniemi YK","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kesaniemi YK, Danforth EJr, Jensen MD, et al. Dose-response issues concerning physical activity and health: an evidence-based symposium. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33: S351\u2013S358.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/japa.20.4.497"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.31.5.640"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-08-02926.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00249.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190729"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_100_2","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Effects of resistance exercise on neuroprotective factors in middle and late life: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guti\u00e9rrez E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guti\u00e9rrez E, Torres-Costoso A, Pascual-Morena C, et al. Effects of resistance exercise on neuroprotective factors in middle and late life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Dis 2023; 14: 1264\u20131275.","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102360"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2020.1801622"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11534530-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0272-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.3470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.575607"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2019.101961"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182296499"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.615311"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02249-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_112_2","first-page":"783","article-title":"Physical activity and bone vascularization: a way to explore in bone repair context?","volume":"11","author":"Wazzani R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wazzani R, Pallu S, Bourzac C, et al. Physical activity and bone vascularization: a way to explore in bone repair context? Life (Basel) 2021; 11: 783.","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00076.2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-021-00751-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.057711"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-016-3328-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2022.103096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.00177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_124_2","first-page":"2789","article-title":"An abnormal resting-state functional brain network indicates progression towards Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Xiang J","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiang J, Guo H, Cao R, et al. An abnormal resting-state functional brain network indicates progression towards Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8: 2789\u20132799.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01554-4"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251359630","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251359630","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251359630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:11:09Z","timestamp":1777371069000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251359630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251359630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251359630","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]]}}}