{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:23:25Z","timestamp":1789986205339,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center","award":["03-2020-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-2020-5"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ambient air pollution is a known global health risk, but its short-term impact on cognitive function, particularly in people with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), is not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the association between short-term carbon monoxide (CO) exposure and cognitive changes in older adults with MCI or AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from 717 patients diagnosed with MCI or AD at a South Korean medical center. CO exposure was estimated using the inverse distance weighting method, based on the proximity between air monitoring stations and participants\u2019 residential addresses. Exposure periods ranged from 1 day to 1 month. Cognitive performance was assessed via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and changes were analyzed using generalized estimating equations within a generalized linear model. Subgroup analyses were conducted by diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 717 participants (mean age 77.4), 473 had AD. Compared to the MCI group, AD patients were older, less educated, had lower MMSE scores, and more hypertension. Higher 7-day average CO exposure was linked to lower MMSE scores (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82\u20130.96), with a stronger effect in the AD group (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.76\u20130.94).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term CO exposure is suggestive of worsening cognitive performance in older adults, particularly in those with AD. These findings emphasize the potential impact of ambient air pollutants on neurodegenerative processes and highlight the need for public health strategies\u2014such as strengthening air quality regulations and issuing targeted health advisories\u2014to protect cognitively vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251372970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T11:53:34Z","timestamp":1756727614000},"page":"1637-1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exposure to ambient carbon monoxide and cognitive decrease in a memory clinic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8235-0316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiyun","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7135-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunwoong","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3505-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyeonjin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6041-0840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyewon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Administration and Management, \rCollege of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, \rSouth Korea"},{"name":"Department of Software Convergence, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5893-3124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University (SMG-SNU) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Ambient air pollution: a global assessment of exposure and burden of disease","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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