{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:05:37Z","timestamp":1791468337257,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia is a global health challenge projected to nearly triple by 2050, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Understanding its epidemiology and economic impact is vital for public health planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on dementia, particularly the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, its economic burden, and caregiving in MENA countries, to facilitate informed policy-making and effective resource allocation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a random-effects meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence of dementia from studies published between 2014 and 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data, assessing bias risk with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. This review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024550935).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve studies met the criteria, showing dementia prevalence in MENA countries from 1.1% to 7.9%, with higher rates in Iran, Israel, and Lebanon, highlighting the need for public health campaigns. The annual estimated cost for those aged 50 and older is about USD 8.18 billion. Caregiving mainly fell to female family members, with larger socioeconomic impacts than in other regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dementia is a growing public health concern in MENA, requiring improved healthcare infrastructure, increased caregiver support, and targeted research to fill knowledge gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251378454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T17:59:43Z","timestamp":1759514383000},"page":"522-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiological and economic burden of dementia in the Middle East and North African region"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7492-0674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Najeeb","family":"Qadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6407-6723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yara","family":"Alkhodair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waad","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9497-2462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaal","family":"Aldakheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Centre of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Dementia","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia (accessed 24 August 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00249-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67889-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13634615211036404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v6.i1.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2016.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X11001309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2007.02220.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"1065","article-title":"The risk of out-of-pocket expenses and indirect costs and their drivers in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and the continuum of the disease: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Monfared AA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Monfared AA, Hummel N, Chandak A, et al. The risk of out-of-pocket expenses and indirect costs and their drivers in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and the continuum of the disease: a systematic review. 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Prevalence of dementia and associated factors among older adults in Iran: national elderly health survey. 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