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However, their relationships with specific domains of executive function remain unclear\n                      <jats:bold>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">.<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:bold>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to clarify the association between BG-EPVS and cognitive function, as assessed by the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from our prospective cohort study to investigate the association between gut microbiota and dementia. We enrolled patients who visited a memory clinic and collected information on demographics, risk factors, and cognitive function, as well as brain imaging data. EPVS severity in the basal ganglia and centrum semiovale was rated according to magnetic resonance imaging data. We examined the relationship between severe BG-EPVS and FAB scores, including on individual FAB subtests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 100 participants (mean age: 76 years, 47% women). Multivariable analyses showed that a lower FAB total score (&lt; 13 points) was independently associated with severe BG-EPVS (odds ratio: 4.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.08\u221217.8). Among the FAB subtests, a lower score (&lt; 2 points) on the similarities subtest was independently associated with severe BG-EPVS (odds ratio: 3.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.07\u22128.51). However, there was no significant association between EPVS in the centrum semiovale and the FAB score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, severe BG-EPVS were independently associated with a lower FAB score, particularly on the similarities subtest. Effective management of vascular risk factors for BG-EPVS in older adults is important for preventing cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251383446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T19:00:10Z","timestamp":1761073210000},"page":"1584-1592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between enlarged perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia and the Frontal Assessment Battery: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4775-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshino","family":"Kinjo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research and Quality Management Center, University of the Ryukyus Hospital, Ginowan, Okinawa, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, 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