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In adults with and without DS, low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and obesity have independently been associated with AD. Research across other disease conditions indicates MVPA may attenuate some negative consequences of obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the potential joint association of obesity and MVPA on cognitive function in adults with DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-five adults with DS (age 39.1 years, 46.7% female) enrolled in the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium-Down Syndrome (ABC-DS) study and completed a 7-day accelerometer protocol. Cognitive function was assessed using the ABC-DS cognitive battery. Participants were categorized with Obesity (body mass index (BMI)\u2009\u2265\u200930\u2005kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) or No Obesity (BMI\u2009&lt;\u200930\u2005kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). A median split of MVPA was then used to create four groups: No Obesity\/High PA (n\u2009=\u200918), No Obesity\/Low PA (n\u2009=\u200916), Obesity\/High PA (n\u2009=\u200920), and Obesity\/Low PA (n\u2009=\u200921). Linear models were used to compare cognitive function across groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Obesity\/High PA group performed better than the No Obesity\/Low PA group for episodic memory (\u03b2\u2009=\u20094.86,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009), executive functioning (\u03b2\u2009=\u20093.07,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), and dementia symptoms (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22126.57,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022). The Obesity\/High PA group also performed better than the Obesity\/Low PA group for memory and orientation (\u03b2\u2009=\u20094.43,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012), social functioning (\u03b2\u2009=\u20094.52,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006), visuo-spatial processing (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22122.39,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.038), and overall dementia symptoms (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22127.21,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016). There were no assessments for which either high PA group performed worse than either Low PA group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical activity may benefit AD-related cognitive function in persons with DS, regardless of obesity status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251386474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T07:31:51Z","timestamp":1764055911000},"page":"1328-1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The joint association of obesity and physical activity on cognitive function in Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3655-5644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julianne G","family":"Clina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3362-3581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C","family":"Helsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigan L","family":"Hartley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria L","family":"Fleming-Batayneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Handen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Christian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, WI, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mapstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy L","family":"Hom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beau","family":"Ances","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Washington University Saint Louis, St Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren T","family":"Ptomey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"For the Alzheimer Biomarker Consortium\u2013Down Syndrome (ABC-DS) Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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