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Non-invasive 40\u2005Hz flickering light stimulation (FLS) has been shown to induce gamma oscillations, leading to beneficial effects including microglial activation, increased vascularization, and enhanced glymphatic clearance. These effects correlate with reduced amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) pathology in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, recent studies in mouse models report contradictory findings, challenging the efficacy of 40\u2005Hz FLS in generating widespread gamma entrainment and reducing A\u03b2 load or microglial response. By examining the putative causal links between gamma oscillations and AD pathogenesis, critically comparing methodological differences and outcomes of key studies, and synthesizing current evidence, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of 40\u2005Hz FLS for AD. While gamma induction may underlie FLS-mediated amelioration of AD pathology, methodological discrepancies and unresolved controversies underscore the need for further investigation to determine its therapeutic validity and clinical potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251388664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:24:42Z","timestamp":1761157482000},"page":"1441-1451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Therapeutic potential of 40\u2005Hz flickering light stimulation in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, evidence, and controversies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Xuan-Yue","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LFC Laboratory (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Brain and Aerospace Intelligence) and Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing, 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