{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:16:41Z","timestamp":1780669001568,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761868800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007440","name":"Hans B\u00f6ckler Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Personal doctoral scholarship awarded to the first"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Personal doctoral scholarship awarded to the first"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KA220-ADU-5821C986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KA220-ADU-5821C986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Deaf individuals face barriers in accessing healthcare for dementia and Alzheimer's disease and are often overlooked in research. Deaf-friendly scales in German Sign Language (DGS) are urgently needed to ensure inclusive and equitable dementia care for Deaf individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study is the linguistic and cultural adaptation\/validation of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS-D), the Dementia Attitude Scale (DAS-D), and the Confidence in Dementia Care Scale (CODE-D) into DGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three scales were adapted into DGS using a collaborative translation process involving Deaf and hearing bilingual signers. A convenience sample of 205 Deaf participants answered the DKAS-DGS and DAS-DGS; a subsample answered the CODE-DGS (n\u2009=\u2009160) online via Google Forms or as a pencil-and-paper version in person. Psychometric validation included internal consistency, structural and construct validity. For the DKAS-DGS an item analysis was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Internal consistency was acceptable to good for all scales. The removal of five items from the DKAS-DGS and four from the DAS-DGS led to improvements in structural validity for both. The CODE-DGS one-factor structure showed good model fit. Construct validity was confirmed, with participants with practical or professional experience with people living with dementia scoring higher on all scales. Item analysis of the DKAS-DGS revealed challenges in translation, as well as the need for accessible, tailored dementia education for the Deaf community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The three scales are valuable tools for measuring dementia knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in care among DGS-signers and may be used in future research settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251390842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T18:23:34Z","timestamp":1761935014000},"page":"1894-1915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Measuring dementia knowledge and attitudes among the German Deaf community: Adaptation and validation of the Knowledge Assessment Scale, the Dementia Attitude Scale, and the Confidence in Dementia Scale in German Sign Language"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0129-6970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioanna Antigoni","family":"Angelidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Network of Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0110-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarsitsa","family":"Ntova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network of Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Association of the Deaf of Northern Greece, E.K.V.E., Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5041-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ege","family":"Karar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network of Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5972-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Tsatali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network of Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (GAADRD), Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7301-3409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birgit","family":"Teichmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network of Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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