{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:23:06Z","timestamp":1777396986583,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Saudi Geriatric Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The management of dementia remains a critical area of healthcare. The pharmacological management of dementia in Saudi Arabia remains underexplored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to obtain a comprehensive overview of current prescribing patterns in the pharmacological management of dementia among older adult patients in Saudi Arabia, with the goal of identifying potential areas for improvement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study is a descriptive analysis of the prescription data of patients with dementia from the National Guard Health System across Saudi Arabia. Dementia patients were included based on either ICD-10 codes or the prescription of antidementia medications. Patients\u2019 records were scanned for the use of antidementia and psychotropic agents. Data were collected from medical records and pharmacy databases between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2023. Descriptive statistics were used to report medication prevalence and distribution patterns. Cross-tabulations and chi-square tests were conducted to examine associations across facility types and demographic subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 5656 patients. The analysis revealed memantine (62.4%) and rivastigmine (37.6%) as the most commonly prescribed medications, with a notable increase in prescriptions among older adults and a higher prevalence in married patients. Single dementia medication (99.5%) was more prevalent than combined dementia medications (0.5%). Among psychotropic medications, quetiapine, lorazepam, and citalopram were the most frequently used, with quetiapine leading in prescription numbers (27%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides insights into current prescribing patterns for dementia in Saudi Arabia. Future research should address limitations in coding information and long-term outcomes to improve the management of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251393423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T17:56:36Z","timestamp":1763488596000},"page":"235-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dementia medications and the use of psychotropic drugs: A cross-sectional study in Saudi healthcare"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Samah H","family":"Hajjar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sultan H","family":"Alamri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maram A","family":"AlFouzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad M","family":"Alsaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of family and community medicine, College of Medicine; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"\u2060\u2060Prince Faisal Bin Bandar Chair for Geriatric Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaimaa N","family":"Rohaiem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahani N","family":"Altamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz A","family":"Alodhayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of family and community medicine, College of Medicine; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid S","family":"AlHarkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afaf A","family":"Albalawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, \rSaudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nuzayhah A","family":"Almuzaen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qatif health network, Ministry of Health, Qatif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamaan M","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Assim M","family":"AlAbdulKader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muna A","family":"Almaghaslah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Care Department, John Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah I","family":"Alsuhail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palliative Care Department, King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raneem G","family":"Milyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eman N","family":"Almashjary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Directorate of Health Programs and Chronic Diseases, Ministry of Health. Home Health Care Administration at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hashim H","family":"Balubaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louay H","family":"Al Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Sector, Saudi Health Care, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdulmohsen H","family":"Al-Zalabani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S","family":"Mohammedin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"},{"name":"Geriatric Medicine division\/Internal Medicine department, King Fahad University Hospital, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.4782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Dementia","author":"World Health Organization","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Dementia. Geneva: World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/dementia (2021, accessed 30 November 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000487231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17712\/nsj.2023.2.20220133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"Vaughan D. Psychotropic drug. Encyclopedia Britannica https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/psychotropic-drug (2025 accessed 11 January 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"435202","article-title":"Drug utilization pattern in patients with different types of dementia in Western India","volume":"2014","author":"Patel M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel M, Joshi A, Suthar J, et al. Drug utilization pattern in patients with different types of dementia in Western India. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 2014: 435202.","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.107631"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-022-00275-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpp\/riad021.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251317711"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0b013e3283339496"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-017-0446-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.706762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000253845"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Drugs used for cognitive impairment. Analysis of 1.5 million prescriptions in Argentina","volume":"73","author":"Rojas G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rojas G, Demey I, Arizaga RL. Drugs used for cognitive impairment. Analysis of 1.5 million prescriptions in Argentina. Medicina (B Aires) 2013; 73: 213\u2013223.","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afae106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000002016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/15333175211053134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"821894","article-title":"Dementia coding, workup, and treatment in the VA New England Healthcare System","volume":"2014","author":"Cho K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho K, Gagnon DR, Driver JA, et al. Dementia coding, workup, and treatment in the VA New England Healthcare System. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 2014: 821894.","journal-title":"Int J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2011.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1831"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200926060-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0557-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211001621"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720507779939805"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53108.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyv055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-018-2591-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01210-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy10030061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.17r11772"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2024.116114"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-03851-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebm.7.3.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.10.968"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-024-00495-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","article-title":"The prevalence of atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines use in dementia patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City","volume":"14","author":"Basaeed AJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Basaeed AJ, Wafia G, Alhidri B, et al. The prevalence of atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines use in dementia patients in King Abdulaziz Medical City. Cureus 2022; 14: e30460.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12911-022-01892-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000102570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-210041"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251393423","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251393423","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251393423","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:09:36Z","timestamp":1777370976000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251393423"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251393423"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251393423","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}}}