{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:23:59Z","timestamp":1777397039208,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG072947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG072947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Though mid-life obesity is a known risk factor for dementia, how obesity in late life impacts brain health is not well understood, especially in the presence of comorbid risk factors like hypertension (HTN) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated associations between obesity, neuroimaging measures, and cognition in middle aged and older adults, specifically testing whether higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio are associated with brain health independent of HTN and IGT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 599 participants with brain MRI, cognitive testing, and anthropometric measurements were examined. Chi square and one-way ANOVA tests were performed to compare participant characteristics across BMI categories. Linear regression models assessed relationships between anthropometric, neuroimaging, and cognitive outcomes with and without adjustment for relevant covariates. We also explored interactions between anthropometric measures and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b54 status and cognitive status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher BMI was associated with higher cerebral blood flow (CBF) in both white matter (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.2294\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0431, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and gray matter (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.0872\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0405, p\u2009=\u20090.032), higher free water (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.0906\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0425, p\u2009=\u20090.034), lower fractional anisotropy (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009-0.0891\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0433, p\u2009=\u20090.040), and better global cognition (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.022\u2009\u00b1\u20090.007, p\u2009=\u20090.002) and cognitive composite scores (ps\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), independent of IGT and HTN. Similar associations were observed for waist circumference. Evidence of effect modification by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b54 carrier status and cognitive status were found for white matter CBF, white matter hyperintensities, fractional anisotropy, and cognition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obesity measures are positively associated with better brain structure, function, and cognition in aging adults, highlighting the importance of managing body weight in older age to maintain optimal brain health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251393500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T17:09:45Z","timestamp":1762794585000},"page":"315-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Obesity, cardiometabolic health status, and brain health in community-dwelling older adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3215-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn H","family":"Alphin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8589-524X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia K","family":"Suerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7046-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc D","family":"Rudolph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0850-7888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Gaussoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0893-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel N","family":"Lockhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0591-8657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne","family":"Craft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1905-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tina E","family":"Brinkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0976"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.254"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00992-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.10.1556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"Stierman B Afful J Carroll MD et al. 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