{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:22:10Z","timestamp":1777396930898,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the STI2030-Major Projects","award":["No. the STI2030-Major Projects"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. the STI2030-Major Projects"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC 8220052456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC 8220052456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC 82301364"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC 82301364"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to atherosclerosis and triggers cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. However, its role in cognitive impairment (CogI) has not been fully elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the relationship between plasma ox-LDL and all-cause CogI in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this population-based cross-sectional study using cluster sampling, cognitive function was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and neuropsychological tests. CogI was diagnosed based on criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Plasma ox-LDL was measured by ELISA and analyzed as restricted cubic spline (RCS), continuous, and binary variables. Logistic regression, subgroup, and interaction analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 1406 subjects, 112 (8.0%) had CogI. RCS analysis showed a significant association between ox-LDL and CogI (p\n                      <jats:sub>overall<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), with no non-linear relationship (p\n                      <jats:sub>non\u2212linear<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.327). Individuals with ox-LDL &gt;1002.88\u2005ng\/mL had a higher risk of CogI than those with ox-LDL \u22641002.88\u2005ng\/mL (10.7% versus 6.6%, p\u2009=\u20090.008; OR\u2009=\u20091.749, 95% CI: 1.134\u20132.697, p\u2009=\u20090.012). The association remained significant among participants with normal TC (TC\u2009&lt;\u20095.18\u2005mmol\/L, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but was not observed in those with elevated TC (p\u2009=\u20090.817). Interaction analysis confirmed a modifying effect of TC (p\n                      <jats:sub>interaction<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), and a similar effect was observed for LDL-C (p\n                      <jats:sub>interaction<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated ox-LDL levels (&gt;1002.88\u2005ng\/mL) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause CogI, particularly among individuals with normal TC or LDL-C. Longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the causal relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251393712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T17:57:28Z","timestamp":1763488648000},"page":"458-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The relationship between plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein and all-cause cognitive impairment: A population-based cross-sectional study in a rural area of Xi\u2019an, China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9235-2887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4695-2982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6211-7368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7696-9166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ningwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4049-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5100-412X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangjun","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2703-0352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7346-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5634-6209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiumin","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-204X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suhang","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","volume-title":"World Alzheimer Report 2018. The state of the art of dementia research: New frontiers","author":"Patterson C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patterson C. World Alzheimer Report 2018. The state of the art of dementia research: New frontiers. London: Alzheimer's Disease International, 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"7","author":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators. Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7: e105\u2013e125.","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-029-8_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2009.00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319707304134"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715762.2017.1402304"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.123505"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105819"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-143096"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2014.October.20.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-005-0062-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S357994"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90034-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688639008400998"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01688638608401312"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199914030-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.390"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acw049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqv043"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.4.1096"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910237"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14391-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30058-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults\u2013study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults","volume":"15","author":"Zhou BF","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhou BF. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults\u2013study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Biomed Environ Sci 2002; 15: 83\u201396.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720508785132253"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550160069041"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","article-title":"Association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms with serological lipid and inflammatory markers","volume":"16","author":"Krishnamurthy HK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krishnamurthy HK, Rajavelu I, Reddy S, et al. Association of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphisms with serological lipid and inflammatory markers. Cureus 2024; 16: e60721.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2023.102170"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00359"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.22.2390"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1717-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001831"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000271090.28148.24"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.925923"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.014816"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13497"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0722601.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112349"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)33877-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02398-1"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251405971","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764806400000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251393712","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251393712","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251393712","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:09:38Z","timestamp":1777370978000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251393712"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251393712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251393712","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]}}}