{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:51:06Z","timestamp":1781783466893,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program","award":["20231800936092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20231800936092"]}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2023A1515010182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515010182"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in older adults. Recently, increasing evidence shows that PANoptosis plays an important role in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated potential roles of PANoptosis by bioinformatics and machine learning in AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AD-related microarray sets were downloaded from the GEO database and PANoptosis-related genes were extracted from the GeneCards database. By WGCNA and constructing machine learning models, hub genes were identified and verified. A ceRNA network was established using cytoscape. The ssGSEA was used to estimate immune cell infiltration and its correlation with hub genes. The R package was performed for consensus clustering (CC) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      240 differentially expressed genes in the training set were identified. By selecting optimal models, we finally identified five PANoptosis-related hub genes in AD: ADCYAP1, BCL6, CXCR4, SPP1, and PGF, which were verified in the validation set (excluding SPP1 unverified) and the A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>25\u201335<\/jats:sub>\n                      -induced AD cell model. Subsequently, a risk prediction model with good performance for AD and a ceRNA network was established. Then, it was found that 14 types of immune cells with increased expression and 5 types with decreased expression in AD, significantly related to hub genes. Finally, two AD subtypes were proposed based on CC analysis: high immune infiltrative (more immune cell expression associated with inflammation and programmed cell death pathways) and low immune infiltrative subtype.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that five PANoptosis-related genes are significantly associated with the pathologic progression of AD; we proposed two AD immune infiltrative subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251396927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T17:54:34Z","timestamp":1764266074000},"page":"667-684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification and validation of PANoptosis-related genes in Alzheimer's 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