{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:11:54Z","timestamp":1790611914878,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gator Fund, University of Florida"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL152163"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL152163"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recent animal studies have revealed STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) as a potential key player in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The actual impact of human STING on AD, however, is unknown. Mouse STING studies were done in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">WT\/WT<\/jats:italic>\n                      . However,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TMEM173<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the human gene encodes STING, has 5 common, distinct, sometimes opposite functional alleles that result in 25\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TMEM173<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes. Only \u223c50% of whites, 36% of African Americans (AA), 22% of East Asians are\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">WT\/WT<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Past STING cancer immunotherapy clinic trials, which did not consider human\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TMEM173<\/jats:italic>\n                      heterogeneity, all failed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      (1) Discover new protective and risk AD genetic factors across populations or AA-specific. (2) Establish the physiological significance of common human\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TMEM173<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes and human diseases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conduct a large-scale (\u223c15,000 individuals) case-control analysis between\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TMEM173<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotypes and AD using data from The National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site. The data include late-onset AD (LOAD) non-Hispanic White (NHW), early-onset AD (EOAD) NHW, and AA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A common\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H232\/HAQ TMEM173<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype is associated with AD protection across the populations. An AA-specific\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TMEM173<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">H232\/Q293<\/jats:italic>\n                      increases the risk for AA males (OR\u2009=\u200917.7148), especially in the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b53\/\u03b53 population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings discovered the first AA-specific high AD risk factor and established an association between human\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">TMEM173<\/jats:italic>\n                      and AD, paving the way for STING-targeting effective AD healthcare.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251396973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T17:55:01Z","timestamp":1764266101000},"page":"718-732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of common human\n                    <i>TMEM173<\/i>\n                    genotypes associated with Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Mollie R","family":"Usher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra A","family":"Aybar-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6836-1142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"2025 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures","volume":"21","author":"Alzheimer's Association","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alzheimer's Association. 2025 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. 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