{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:18:54Z","timestamp":1792405134634,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000377","name":"Dunhill Medical Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection that elicits systemic inflammation. While retrospective studies have linked periodontal pathogens with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, few have combined cognitive assessments, pathogen exposure, and inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the longitudinal risk between periodontitis, cognitive impairment and dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined the relationship between periodontitis and onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia over 15.6 years (SD 1.6) in older men from Northern Ireland enrolled in the PRIME-COG cohort, using logistic regression. We also assessed associations between exposure to periodontal pathogens and blood inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 642 men, baseline periodontitis was not significantly associated with later onset of dementia and\/or MCI (severe versus mild\/none, OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.45\u20131.50, p\u2009=\u20090.923). However, having more teeth predicted lower risk (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91\u20130.99, p\u2009=\u20090.023). Dementia and\/or MCI was associated with higher serum IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-\u03b3 at baseline, and IL-8 and TGF-\u03b2 at follow-up. IgG levels to periodontal pathogens remained stable in men who developed dementia and\/or MCI but declined in cognitively normal men. A positive correlation between IgG to periodontal pathogens and proinflammatory cytokines was observed in men who developed dementia and\/or MCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical periodontitis was not associated with dementia or MCI onset, but tooth retention was protective. Elevated inflammatory markers in affected men suggest systemic inflammation may contribute to cognitive decline. Larger, more diverse cohort studies are needed to clarify the role of periodontal disease in dementia and AD risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251401563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:56:21Z","timestamp":1765551381000},"page":"980-995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Periodontitis and incident cognitive decline and dementia: A 15-year prospective cohort study of older men residing in Northern Ireland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Dominic N","family":"Farsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK"},{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, 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Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"McAlinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK"},{"name":"Northern Ireland Clinical Research Network, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis","family":"Winning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, 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