{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:23:20Z","timestamp":1777397000090,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009974","name":"Cardinal Tien Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTH-112A-2210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTH-112A-2210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009974","name":"Cardinal Tien Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 113-2321-B-418-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2321-B-418-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Amyloid accumulation and degeneration of the cholinergic white matter pathways are key factors in early Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and progression. However, the relationship between them remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between amyloid accumulation, the integrity of cholinergic white matter pathways, and cognitive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional study recruited 109 individuals, including 37 controls with normal cognition and 72 patients with early Alzheimer's disease. All participants underwent neuropsychological testing: the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating scale with sum of box (CDR-SB), and verbal fluency tests. Cholinergic white matter integrity and amyloid burden were assessed through diffusion tensor imaging study (DTI) and amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). Stepwise linear regression analyses were performed. Partial correlations between amyloid burden and cholinergic integrity were also evaluated according to apolipoprotein E4 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) carrier status.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Across all participants, amyloid burden and cholinergic integrity were independently associated with all cognitive performances. In subgroup analysis, amyloid burden was associated with MMSE only in the early Alzheimer's disease group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012). Cholinergic integrity was significantly associated with all cognitive performances in the early Alzheimer's disease group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but not in the control group. Amyloid burden remained significantly correlated with cholinergic integrity only in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                      noncarriers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but not in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                      carriers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cholinergic white matter integrity, the severity of which is associated with amyloid burden, may be a specific imaging marker in early-stage Alzheimer's disease. In this study, this phenomenon was more pronounced in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">APOE4<\/jats:italic>\n                      noncarriers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251406620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T17:28:51Z","timestamp":1766424531000},"page":"1319-1330","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relationship between amyloid burden, cholinergic integrity, and cognitive function"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0111-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Hua","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Ju","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2741-7872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao-Chia","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ming","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School of Fu-Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Lin","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Fang","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, New Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chien","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan"},{"name":"Medical School of Fu-Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.964075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1400544"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0515-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.9.2182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00230-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2024.104269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2020.111386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.089730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm238"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2310168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182166e96"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c918b5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.3618"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01030-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141473"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.703876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.12.2249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","article-title":"White matter hyperintensities in cholinergic pathways may predict poorer responsiveness to acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment for Alzheimer's disease","volume":"18","author":"Lee LH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee LH, Liu YC, Chou CJ, et al. 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