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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising noninvasive intervention, particularly targeting alpha band oscillations associated with AD-related cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-intensity rTMS over posterior cortical areas on alpha band oscillations and memory performance in AD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a single-blinded, sham-controlled rTMS-EEG study, we examined 14 amyloid-positive AD patients and 14 age-matched healthy controls. Continuous EEG was recorded at rest (eyes closed) before, during, and after stimulation. During stimulation, participants completed an episodic memory task.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We were able to demonstrate that during rTMS alpha power increased compared to sham, with a notable 25% increase observed in AD patients. However, comparison of memory performance under the sham and stimulation conditions revealed no significant stimulation effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support and extend current knowledge of noninvasive brain stimulation mechanisms. Our results suggest that alpha frequency-tuned rTMS over posterior cortical areas can modulate pathological brain activity in AD patients even at low intensities. Given the limited sample size and moderate effect sizes, results should be interpreted with caution. Nevertheless, our results warrant further studies with long-term EEG-rTMS protocols to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251406972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T16:53:27Z","timestamp":1767027207000},"page":"1242-1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances alpha power in Alzheimer's disease patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6305-6760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronja Verena","family":"Fassbender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6167-7600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Kehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna-Lisa","family":"Otta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8230-1856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gereon Rudolf","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8336-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oezguer Abdullah","family":"Onur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center J\u00fclich, J\u00fclich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Dementia in Europe yearbook 2019: Estimating the prevalence of dementia in Europe","author":"Alzheimer Europe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alzheimer Europe. 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