{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:24:25Z","timestamp":1787059465905,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heart rate variability (HRV) is related to cognitive functioning and may serve as an early Alzheimer's disease biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examine whether HRV predicts cognitive and pathophysiological brain markers assessed eight and thirteen years later, independently of coronary calcification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>269 cognitively unimpaired adults were selected based on their coronary artery calcification score (absent, score=0; high, score\u2265300), obtained from cardiac computed tomography scans (T2, 2017\u20132022). HRV in the time domain (root mean square of successive RR interval differences), measured at T0 (2007\u20132013), T1 (2014\u20132017), and the change between T0 and T1, was the predictor. Outcomes included cognitive measures, serum Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, and brain imaging markers obtained at T3 (2022\u20132023). Linear regression models were run, stratified by coronary calcification groups and adjusted for demographics, lifestyle and cardiometabolic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with high T2 calcification showed lower HRV at T0 and a positive change compared to those with absent calcification. In participants with high T2 calcification, higher HRV at T0 was associated with lower A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      at T3, while associations with all other markers were not significant. HRV at T1 and the change were not associated with any of the outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      HRV was not associated with cognitive and brain imaging outcomes. In participants with high calcification, higher HRV measured thirteen-year earlier, typically a marker of a healthier state, was associated with a lower A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio, typically linked to Alzheimer's disease. Findings underscore the need to consider coronary calcification in research of HRV as a marker of cognitive decline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251409343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T16:28:42Z","timestamp":1767112122000},"page":"1723-1732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Limited evidence for heart rate variability as a predictor of cognitive and pathophysiological brain markers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1856-9348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Marcolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6416-4942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime D.","family":"Mondrag\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"The Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Instituto de Neurobiolog\u00eda, Departamento de Neurobiolog\u00eda Conductual y Cognitiva, Laboratorio de Psicofisiolog\u00eda, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"},{"name":"San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, Life-Span Human Senses Lab, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie M.","family":"van Roon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balewgizie Sileshi","family":"Tegegne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri\u00ebtte","family":"Riese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7262-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rozemarijn","family":"Vliegenthart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudi A.J.O.","family":"Dierckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8072-1243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ronald H.","family":"Borra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Paul","family":"De Deyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccb.2022.100136"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000817"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Cardiology explained","author":"Ashley EA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ashley EA, Newton-Cheh C. 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