{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T13:24:33Z","timestamp":1787059473098,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AG077469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AG077469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00AG073453"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AG073453"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS142622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS142622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AG074368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AG074368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are cornerstones of the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and are also prescribed for vascular dementia (VaD). Despite their widespread use, patterns of ChEI prescribing are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our objective was to examine the prevalence, timing, and types of ChEI prescriptions before and after dementia diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed electronic health record and claims data for patients diagnosed with AD, DLB, or VaD between October 2015 and August 2022 from a large U.S. healthcare system. ChEI claims (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) were identified in the \u00b13 years surrounding dementia diagnosis. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of ChEI fills by time-period, dementia type, and time x dementia type interaction to determine if change in prescription patterns significantly differed by diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 3166 eligible patients, DLB had the highest prevalence of ChEIs both pre-and post-diagnosis compared to patients with AD and VaD. Post-diagnosis, donepezil was the most common, while galantamine use was sparse. After adjusting for demographics, patients with VaD had lower rates of ChEIs relative to AD (OR: 0.34, 95% CI 0.26\u20130.45). In the fully adjusted model, females (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.71\u20130.91) and patients from ethnoracially minoritized populations (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62\u20130.88) were less likely to fill ChEI prescriptions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Donepezil was the most frequently filled ChEI across dementias. Patients with DLB had the highest prevalence of ChEIs pre- and post-diagnosis. The potential disparities in treatment we identified should be investigated further.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251411418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:21:54Z","timestamp":1768296114000},"page":"1917-1924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cholinesterase inhibitors for patients with dementia: Patterns of prescribing and disparities in treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Rachel J.","family":"Heo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Negida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4480-0221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella A.","family":"Chrenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ece","family":"Bayram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.M.","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences Belfast B, Royal Victoria Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca C.","family":"Rossom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Wyman-Chick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA"},{"name":"HealthPartners Struthers Parkinson's Center, Golden Valley, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00257-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2016.13.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2008.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2212948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-200133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"303","article-title":"Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease: From conventional trials to pharmacogenetics","volume":"3","author":"Cacabelos R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cacabelos R. Donepezil in Alzheimer's disease: From conventional trials to pharmacogenetics. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2007; 3: 303\u2013333.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.706762"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Battle CE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Battle CE, Abdul-Rahim AH, Shenkin SD, et al. Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 2: CD013306.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"2006","author":"Birks J","year":"2006","unstructured":"Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 2006: CD005593.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"2012","author":"Rolinski M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rolinski M, Fox C, Maidment I, et al. Cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson\u2019s disease dementia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 2012: CD006504.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1835"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200418150-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnq050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-022-00944-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161109"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16476-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30153-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","article-title":"Effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on post-stroke cognitive impairment and vascular dementia: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Kim JO","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim JO, Lee SJ, Pyo J-S. Effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on post-stroke cognitive impairment and vascular dementia: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0227820.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-5-200803040-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.8522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.14121582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Hansen RA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hansen RA, Gartlehner G, Webb AP, et al. Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Interv Aging 2008; 3: 211\u2013225.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201161"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23557"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200320150-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70194-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098617750555"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2009.02253.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X233403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11592230-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.1.154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-11-190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e318211c6c9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199906)14:6<481::AID-GPS959>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2019.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00630-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1278944"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251411418","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251411418","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251411418","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T12:29:29Z","timestamp":1787056169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251411418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251411418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251411418","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]}}}