{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:14:04Z","timestamp":1792174444174,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":210,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014989","name":"Chan Zuckerberg Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014989","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007625","name":"Cure Alzheimer\u2019s Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"BrightFocus Foundation Grant","award":["A2024010F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2024010F"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["R01AG066171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG066171"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Astrocytes are glial cells in the brain essential for maintaining neural homeostasis, modulating synaptic activity through gliotransmission, and supporting metabolic processes. As part of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, astrocytes undergo significant morphological and functional changes, transitioning to reactive states that can contribute to both neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the roles of astrocytes in AD, focusing on their contributions to amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) and tau pathologies, neuroinflammation, disrupted calcium signaling, and age-related changes. We synthesized findings from published studies investigating astrocytic sodium channels (Nav1.6), key molecular pathways such as apolipoprotein E (ApoE), oxidative stress, and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), as well as emerging astrocytic biomarkers including GFAP, YKL-40, and MAO-B. Optogenetic studies and other experimental approaches with high spatiotemporal resolution were also considered to understand astrocyte involvement in circuit impairments and sleep deficits in AD. Astrocytes in AD exhibit altered calcium signaling, impaired gliotransmission, and dysregulated sodium channel activity. Reactive astrocytes influence A\u03b2 and tau pathology, contribute to neuroinflammation, and show altered biomarker expression. Molecular dysfunctions, including changes in ApoE, EAAT2, and oxidative stress pathways, exacerbate disease progression. Emerging therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytic pathways, such as siRNA therapy and gene editing, show promise for mitigating these pathological changes. Understanding the complex roles of astrocytes in AD highlights their dual protective and detrimental functions and identifies novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. Targeting astrocytic dysfunction may offer strategies to slow disease progression and improve cognitive outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251411561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T09:21:18Z","timestamp":1768296078000},"page":"26-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease: Pathophysiology, biomarkers, and therapeutic potential"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1827-7426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Joynal","family":"Abedin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3727-0317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ksenia V.","family":"Kastanenka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13439"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-230016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2016152244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80115-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410410106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-14-04491.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahr.2023.100169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161088"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811698106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00580-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230199"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0169-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17536-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1988-22.2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098434"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.644126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-03-00877.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90903-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10158-018-0221-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02024-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-5-162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12800-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaz4564"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202305003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.736580"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2021.108758"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-010-0809-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12050577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14050917"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-21-08751.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1937-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","article-title":"The role of glutamate and glutamine metabolism and related transporters in nerve cells","volume":"30","author":"Zhang D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang D, Hua Z, Li Z. The role of glutamate and glutamine metabolism and related transporters in nerve cells. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30: e14617.","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-020-00230-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13020150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2022.147937"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Emerging roles of astrocytes in blood-brain barrier disruption upon amyloid-beta insults in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"18","author":"Yue Q","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yue Q, Hoi MPM. Emerging roles of astrocytes in blood-brain barrier disruption upon amyloid-beta insults in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18: 1890\u20131902.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(98)01349-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7320-6_363-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1419-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23632"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1722"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.123901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10867-012-9267-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-16-05073.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00067-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2005.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0325-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, and microglia crosstalk in myelin development, damage, and repair","volume":"4","author":"Domingues HS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Domingues HS, Portugal CC, Socodato R, et al. Oligodendrocyte, astrocyte, and microglia crosstalk in myelin development, damage, and repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4: 71.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0515-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0624-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64839-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.371641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5236-13.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1202-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1195-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800165115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01791-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_87_2","first-page":"2752","article-title":"The identification of a distinct astrocyte subtype that diminishes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"15","author":"Wei H","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei H, Withrow J, Rakshit J, et al. The identification of a distinct astrocyte subtype that diminishes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15: 2752\u20132769.","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157887"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00894-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04965-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-00783-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA117.000378"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(00)01897-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a004952"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1301440110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2503-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3020-14.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12070985"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3480359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135342"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030400"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201700359"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24076528"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101335"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.729273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2016.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02117-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_116_2","first-page":"522","article-title":"Scientific challenges and opportunities related to Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"Khachaturian ZS","year":"1984","unstructured":"Khachaturian ZS. Scientific challenges and opportunities related to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin Pharm 1984; 3: 522\u2013523.","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44398.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_118_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"The role of calcium regulation in brain aging: reexamination of a hypothesis","volume":"1","author":"Khachaturian ZS","year":"1989","unstructured":"Khachaturian ZS. The role of calcium regulation in brain aging: reexamination of a hypothesis. Aging (Milano) 1989; 1: 17\u201334.","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6422"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5572-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170275"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-02-00596.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5779-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0194-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-231387"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6357-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07210.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101870"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.52"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2016.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2007-11113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110503"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7386"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129969"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400512"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199708000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2024.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaf038"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2024.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/45.4.M131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau6550"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44964-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40402-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2012.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-73082-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00397-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47855\/jal9020-2025-2-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-020-02465-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44192-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13334"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00239"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2011.00682.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.15043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1104977108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00257-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01756"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_170_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"The astrocytic cAMP pathway in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Zhou Z","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. The astrocytic cAMP pathway in health and disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20: 79.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-011-8163-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3516-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0606-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cr.7290105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2020.103551"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10830-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00699-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0877-17.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65248-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3671"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02840-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-024-03220-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-03-00994.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01716-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_192_2","unstructured":"GAP Innovations PBC. Development of a database to investigate digital and blood-based biomarkers and their relationship to tau and amyloid PET imaging in older participants who are cognitively normal (CN) have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or have mild-to-moderate AD dementia. Clinical Trial Registration NCT06584357 clinicaltrials.gov https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06584357 (3 February 2025 accessed 27 February 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02749-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00081"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-024-02712-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00293-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20924"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00615-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14414"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_200_2","unstructured":"AdventHealth. Examining neuroinflammation in AlzHeimer's Disease Via TrAnscriptomic ProfiliNg and MiCroglia ModEling Using Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (ENHANCE). Clinical Trial Registration NCT03548883 clinicaltrials.gov https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03548883 (29 June 2023 accessed 27 February 2025)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_202_2","first-page":"234","article-title":"Selegiline in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a long-term randomized placebo-controlled trial. Czech and Slovak Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type Study Group","volume":"24","author":"Filip V","year":"1999","unstructured":"Filip V, Kolib\u00e1s E. Selegiline in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a long-term randomized placebo-controlled trial. Czech and Slovak Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type Study Group. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1999; 24: 234\u2013243.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-025-01971-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09636897221105499"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22605"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0834-10.2010"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251411561","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/13872877251411561","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/13872877251411561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:10:02Z","timestamp":1777371002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/13872877251411561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"references-count":210,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/13872877251411561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13872877251411561","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]}}}