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Each subtest consisted of five trials. Repeated measures ANOVA were conducted to examine mean completion times within and between the four test conditions. Completion times were also compared to traditional neuropsychological tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 478 iPhone users, 429 (89.7%) used the app-based Stroop Test (mean age 73.5 years (6.4), 58% female, 87% non-Hispanic White, mean MMSE score 28.75\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4). Error-free performance occurred in 395 participants on subtest 1, 404 on subtest 2, 320 on subtest 3, and 183 on subtest 4. Mean completion times differed between the four subtests (all p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) with faster subtest 2 completion (1.45 to 1.19\u2005s across the five trials) and slower subtest 4 completion (2.95 to 2.75\u2005s across the 5 trials) than the other subtests. Completion times were positively associated with paper\/pencil measures of processing speed but negatively associated with measures of episodic and working memory and language.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrate the feasibility and construct validity of administering a fully self-administered smartphone-based Stroop cognitive test in older adults completed outside a clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877251415030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T07:51:19Z","timestamp":1770796279000},"page":"463-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Digital Stroop Test as a neurocognitive marker in a community-based sample of older adults: Data from the Framingham Heart Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Gifford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"NHLBI's and Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9458-4585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Care Evolution, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2318-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuankai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2170-1247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chathurangi H.","family":"Pathiravasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4076-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emelia J.","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHLBI's and Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3043-3942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honghuang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9160-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHLBI's and Boston University Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhoda","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian &amp; 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