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Using transcriptomic profiling, we detected 19 common differentially expressed genes associated with glutamine and glutamate metabolism, such as GLS. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data revealed that GLS displays distinct cell-type expression patterns. Targeted metabolomic profiling in APP\/PS1 mice at 5 months of age provided additional evidence for alterations in glutamine metabolism. The degree of metabolic changes in the eyes was higher than that in the cortex and hippocampus, and the prominent eyes may be an early indicator of neurodegenerative metabolic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, these findings suggest that glutamine metabolism disorders represent a convergent mechanism between AD and AMD. Our findings shed light on the overlapping metabolic pathways linking AD and AMD, underscoring the value of ocular biomarkers as promising tools for early disease detection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/13872877261418263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:34:50Z","timestamp":1769600090000},"page":"795-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrative multi-omics study reveals glutamine metabolism dysregulation connecting Alzheimer's disease and age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0905-063X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo University"},{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3968-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5297-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunlan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University"},{"name":"Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ningbo University"},{"name":"Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence of dementia in 2019 and forecasted prevalence in 2050: an analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"7","author":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Dementia Forecasting Collaborators. 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